一

See also: ‐, – [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ー [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], 丨 [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], ㄧ [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], ㆪ [U+31AA BOPOMOFO LETTER INN], and 亠 [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]
一 U+4E00, 一
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00
← ䷿
[U+4DFF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丁 →
[U+4E01]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Alternative forms

Han character

一 (radical 1, 一+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 10000)

  1. Kangxi radical #1, ⼀.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №1

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese_radical/一
  • 𬂜, 𤕬, 𫜢, 㝉, 弌, 𬏚, 閂(闩)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 75, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
  • Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 1, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E00

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 一
alt. forms 壹 financial
弌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 一
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j00001

j00002

Bronze inscriptions

B00001

B00002

B00003

B00004

B00005

B00006

B00007

B00008

B00009

B00010

B00011

B00012

B00013

B00014

B00015

Small seal script

s00001

Transcribed ancient scripts

L25931

L25932

L25933

L25934

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (一) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
一 *qliɡ
弌 *qliɡ

A horizontal stroke, indicating the number one.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for ONE in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

In Min, an additional unrelated form is found and used as the colloquial reading for ONE. Compare:

Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxiu ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8.

Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (cf. 獨 (“single, alone”)), 隻 (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃.

Some Min Zhong dialects use 個 and 寡 for ONE.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Pronounced 幺 (yāo) when spelling phone number, one on dice or dominoes.
  • Subject to retrograde tone sandhi (see Wikipedia for details):
    • before fourth tone, pronounced with second tone;
    • before any other tone, pronounced with fourth tone;
    • when final (or at the end of a multi-syllable word), pronounced with the original tone (first tone);
    • when used in a series of numbers, as a part of a number, in dates, or in addresses, pronounced with the original tone (first tone).
  • When used between two reduplicated words, pronounced with neutral tone.
Note:
  • cì - colloquial;
  • ĭ - literary.
Note:
  • siŏh - colloquial;
  • ék - literary.
Note:
  • chi̍t - colloquial;
  • it - literary.
Note:
  • zêg8 - colloquial;
  • ig4, êg4 - literary.
Rime
Character 一
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於悉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔit̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 一
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔi[t]/
English one

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 一
Reading # 1/1
No. 14833
Phonetic
component		 一
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 一
Old
Chinese		 /*qliɡ/

Definitions

一

  1. one
    • 一長一短 / 一长一短  ―  yī cháng yī duǎn  ―  one short and one long
    • 一死一傷 / 一死一伤  ―  yī sǐ yī shāng  ―  one dead, one injured
    • 一高一低  ―  yī gāo yī dī  ―  one high and one low
    • 一天一夜  ―  yī tiān yī yè  ―  one day and one night
    • 一左一右  ―  yī zuǒ yī yòu  ―  one left, one right
  2. each; every
  3. single; alone
  4. whole; entire; all: throughout
  5. same; identical
    • 大小不一  ―  dàxiǎo bù yī  ―  having different sizes
  6. † another; alternative
    • 蟋蟀，一名促織 / 蟋蟀，一名促织  ―  xīshuài, yī míng cùzhī  ―  Crickets, also called cùzhī [lit. another name [being] cùzhī].
  7. With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb.
    1. Indicating that the action has occurred only once.
      • 看一看  ―  kàn yī kàn  ―  to have a look
    2. Indicating the intention to try.
      • 算一算  ―  suàn yī suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
  8. once; as soon as; upon
  9. † for the first time; at the beginning
    • 一見如故 / 一见如故  ―  yījiànrúgù  ―  to hit it off
  10. † surprisingly; unexpectedly
    • 一至於此 / 一至于此  ―  yīzhìyúcǐ  ―  How did things ever get so far?
  11. (LGBT, slang) top
    alt. forms: 1

Usage notes

In Mandarin, the tone of this word changes depending on the tone that follows it: normally, 一 becomes second tone (yí) when followed by a fourth tone and becomes fourth tone (yì) when followed by a first, second, or third tone.

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (一):
  • Japanese: 一 (いち) (ichi); 一 (いつ) (itsu)
  • Korean: 일 (一, il)
  • Vietnamese: nhất (一)

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

一

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. one
  2. "one" radical (いち)

Readings

Compounds

Alternative forms

  • (Financial/formal form): 壱

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
一
いち
Grade: 1
on’yomi
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : 一

From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji ichi)

  1. one, 1
  2. term relating to the number one:
    1. first in order, foremost
    2. the beginning
    3. the best
    4. a kind of; one of something
    5. (card games) ace
  3. unity
  4. the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
Derived terms

Numeral

一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji ichi)

  1. (cardinal) one, 1

Proper noun

一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji Ichi)

  1. a surname
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
一
いつ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji itsu)

  1. one
  2. the same
Derived terms

Numeral

一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji itsu)

  1. one, 1

Proper noun

一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji Itsu)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
一
ひと
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

*⟨pito2⟩ → */pitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/

From Old Japanese.

Ultimate derivation uncertain.

Pronunciation

Numeral

一 (hiragana ひと, rōmaji hito)

  1. (cardinal) one, 1
Derived terms

Prefix

一 (hiragana ひと, rōmaji hito-)

  1. prefix to nouns and verbs
    1. one, single
    2. all
    3. a bit
    4. a certain time
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
一
ひ
Grade: 1
Irregular

Shortening of hito above.

Pronunciation

Numeral

一 (hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi)

  1. one, 1

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
一
ひい
Grade: 1
Irregular

Long-pronounced form of hi above.

Pronunciation

Numeral

一 (hiragana ひい, rōmaji hī)

  1. one, 1

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
一
いい
Grade: 1
Irregular

Borrowing from Chinese 一 (yī).

Pronunciation

Numeral

一 (katakana イー, katakana イイ, rōmaji ī)

  1. one, 1
Derived terms

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
一
はじめ
Grade: 1
Irregular

From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin something”).

The use of the kanji 一 for "one" is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) はじめ [hàjímé] (Heiban – [0])
    • IPA(key): [ha̠ʑime̞]

Proper noun

一 (hiragana はじめ, rōmaji Hajime)

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

一 (eumhun 하나 일 (hana il))

  1. one

Numeral

一 • (il) (hangeul 일)

  1. (cardinal) one

Vietnamese

Han character

一 (nhất, nhắt, nhứt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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