夜

See also: 亱
夜 U+591C, 夜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-591C
← 夛
[U+591B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夝 →
[U+591D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

夜 (radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 246, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
  • Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 285, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+591C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 夜
alt. forms 亱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夜
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
夜 *laːɡs
鵺 *laːɡs
迹 *ʔsleːɡ
跡 *ʔsleːɡ
亦 *laːɡ
弈 *laːɡ
奕 *laːɡ
帟 *laːɡ
腋 *laːɡ
掖 *laːɡ
焲 *laːɡ
液 *laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”).

The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕; the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦, used phonetically.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊謝切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiaH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiaH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiaH/
Li
Rong		 /iaH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭaH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yæH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]Ak-s/
English night

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
No. 14992
Phonetic
component		 亦
Rime
group		 暮
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 夜
Old
Chinese		 /*laːɡs/

Definitions

夜

  1. night
    ⇒ 晚
  2. occurring during the night
  3. (Cantonese) late (in the night)
    我呢排晚晚都好夜先返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    Ngo5 ni1 paai4 maan5 maan5 dou1 hou2 je6 sin1 faan1 uk1 kei5-2. [Jyutping]
    Recently, I've been going home quite late in the night.
  4. Classifier for the number of nights.
    三天兩夜 / 三天两夜  ―  sān tiān liǎng yè  ―  three days and two nights

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. The night.

Readings

Compounds

  • 夜食 (やしょく) (yashoku): night meal, midnight snack
  • 十六夜 (いざよい) (izayoi): the sixteenth night of every month
  • A collection of old reports and citations show that the や reading had been a Japanese-applied reading instead of an imported one.
    • The や reading of 夜 has been said to a part of ancient Japan before the influx of Chinese pronunciations. There have also been collected reports about this in the linguistics department in the University of Tokyo.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
夜
よる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

夜 (hiragana よる, rōmaji yoru)

  1. night; the evening
    夜 (よる)が明 (あ)けて、月 (つき)が沈 (しず)んで、今 (きょ)日 (う)も地 (ち)球 (きゅう)が回 (まわ)る。
    Yoru ga akete, tsuki ga shizunde, kyō mo chikyū ga mawaru.
    Dawn breaks (lit. night ends), the moon sinks, and today as well the Earth revolves.
    『夜 (よる)のカフェテラス』
    “Yoru no Kafe Terasu”
    Cafe Terrace at Night

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
夜
よ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

夜 (hiragana よ, rōmaji yo)

  1. (literary) night; the evening
    『真夏 (まなつ)の夜 (よ)の夢 (ゆめ)』
    “Manatsu no Yo no Yume”
    A Midsummer Night's Dream

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

夜 (eumhun 밤 야 (bam ya))

  1. night

Compounds

Oki-No-Erabu

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

Kanji

夜 (kun'yomi いぃーる, romaji yīru)

Noun

夜 (hiragana いぃーる, romaji yīru)

  1. night

Okinawan

Kanji

夜 (kun'yomi ゆる, romaji yuru, kun'yomi ゆー, romaji yū)

Etymology 1

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

Counter

夜 (hiragana ゆる, romaji yuru)

  1. nights
    一夜 (ちゅゆる)
    chuyuru
    one night
    二夜 (たゆる)
    tayuru
    two nights

Noun

夜 (hiragana ゆる, romaji yuru)

  1. night

Etymology 2

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yo, “night”).

Noun

夜 (hiragana ゆー, romaji yū)

  1. night

References

  • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Vietnamese

Han character

夜 (dạ, dà)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

Kanji

夜 (kun'yomi どぅる, romaji duru)

Noun

夜 (hiragana どぅる, romaji duru)

  1. night
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