百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

百 (radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白)

References

  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 百
alt. forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • báh - vernacular ("hundred");
  • báik - literary ("numerous").
Note: pah/peeh, peh/peeh - vernacular, pek/piak - literary.
Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component		 白
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伯
Old
Chinese		 /*praːɡ/

Definitions

百

  1. hundred
  2. numerous; countless
  3. every; all
  4. entirely; completely; at all
  5. A surname​. Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百):
  • Japanese: 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
  • Korean: 백 (百, baek)
  • Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

  • → Lao: ປາກ (pāk, “hundred”)
  • → Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (ပၢၵ်ႇ, “hundred”)

Japanese

Kanji

百

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (pˠæk, “hundred”).

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana ひゃく, rōmaji hyaku)

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mo1mo1/ invalid IPA characters (11) → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana もも, rōmaji momo)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While ho or o is only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana ほ, rōmaji ho)

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o (see below). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana お, rōmaji o, historical hiragana ほ)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, o is only used in compounds. This o was originally pronounced ho (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

百 • (baek, maek)

  1. hundred.

Vietnamese

Han character

百 (bách, bá, tình)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.