si

See also: și and Appendix:Variations of "si"

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /si/

Noun

si (plural sis)

  1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

Translations

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

From instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kwi-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”), Avar čī (čī, “how”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

Adverb

si

  1. how; in what way; in what state
    Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?
  2. like, as
    Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende.
    As you know, we've not yet begun.

Derived terms

See also

Alemannic German

Etymology 1

Cognate to German sie

Pronoun

si f

  1. (personal) she; it
  2. (personal) they
Declension

Etymology 2

Cognate to German sein

Alternative forms

Determiner

si

  1. his

Declension

Inflected forms include:

SingularPlural
masculinefeminineneuter
Nominative
Accusative		 sisinisisini
Genitive sines & si'ssines
Dative si'm & simsinersi'm & simsine

Etymology 3

Cognate to German sein

Alternative forms

Verb

si

  1. (Gressoney) to be

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin si.

Conjunction

si

  1. if

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siː/

Noun

si

  1. louse

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. if

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

  1. (music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

Etymology 3

From Old Occitan, from Latin sinus.

Noun

si m (plural sins)

  1. cavity, depression
  2. (anatomy) sinus
  3. (figuratively) uterus
  4. front portion of the breast
  5. (figuratively) heart
  6. estuary, bay
See also
  • si d'Abraham m

Etymology 4

From Latin sĭbī.

Pronoun

si

  1. himself, herself, itself
  2. oneself
  3. themselves
  4. each other
Usage notes
  • Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.
Declension
See also
  • de si mateix
  • en si
  • entre si
  • fora de si
  • per a si
  • per si mateix
  • tornar en si

See also

Chamorro

Preposition

si

  1. Subject marker for personal names.

Chavacano

Etymology 1

From Spanish sí (“yes”).

Particle

si

  1. yes

Etymology 2

From Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. if

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɪ/
  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

si (reflexive pronoun)

  1. (dative) to oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun sobě)
    myself
    yourself
    Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves

Declension

Synonyms

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sex.

Numeral

si

  1. six

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siː/, [siːˀ]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)

  1. sieve
  2. strainer
  3. colander

Inflection

Verb

si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)

  1. sieve
  2. strain
  3. sift

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

si m, f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)

  1. musical note; ti

Anagrams

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /si/
  • Hyphenation: si
  • Audio:
    (file)

Pronoun

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)

  1. himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Usage notes

The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/you).

Ewe

Verb

si

  1. to escape

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
      And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

si

  1. Alternative form of se
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
      As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
      The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

French

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. if
    Je me demande si elle sera seule.
    I wonder if she'll be alone.
    Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non.
    I want to know if you're coming or not.
    Si j'avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n'existe pas.
    If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.
    Si tu n'avais pas appelé, je serais morte.
    If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.
  2. even if

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”).

Interjection

si

  1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement) (often followed by I do, he is, etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation).
    Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si!
    You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!
    Moi, je n'ai rien fait ! — Si!
    I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

Adverb

si

  1. so, such (intensifier)
    J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.
    I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.
    Cela n'aurait pas été une si bonne idée.
    That wouldn't have been such a good idea.
    Si bavard qu'il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.
    However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.

Usage notes

Uncommon in Québec.

Etymology 3

Noun

si m (plural si)

  1. (music) si, the note 'B'.

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin se.

Pronoun

si (third person)

  1. (reflexive) himself, herself

Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin sīc.

Interjection

si

  1. yes
Antonyms

Etymology 2

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

si (accusative se, dative se)

  1. himself, herself, itself
  2. themselves
Usage notes

The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.

Etymology 3

Noun

si m (plural sis)

  1. (music) si (musical note)
  2. (music) B (the musical note or key)
See also

Gothic

Romanization

si

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌹

Iau

Noun

si

  1. woman

Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Indonesian

Article

si

  1. Definite grammatical article (diminutive). There is no exact equivalent of the Indonesian si in languages such as English, but it can be described as a personal definite article. In the American sitcom Happy Days, a character is called The Fonz by his friends; in Indonesian, this could be translated as Si Fonz. Thus it is used when talking about someone else if they are on close, intimate terms with that person. Apart from the more friendly connotation, it is also a diminutive and can stand in for the words "little", "old" and "poor" when talking about others in a cute, disparaging, disrespectful or casual manner. It is used when talking about someone, not to them. It should not be used to those who are of higher rank or deserving of respect (unless mocking them)
    Tidak ada yang memperhatikan si Tigor. ― No-one paid any attention to poor Tigor.
    Aku bilang sama si Yopi, jangan khawatir ― I said to old Yopi, don't worry.
    Katanya si Tuti sakit (talking about a small child) ― I hear little Tuti is ill.
    Namanya si Putih (talking about a pet cat) ― Its name is Whitey.
    Si Gendut ― Fatso
    Si Goblok ― Old Muttonhead
  2. Definite grammatical article (title 1) Besides the more humorous uses, si can be a way of putting a name to someone when you do not know that person's name and want to refer to them in an informal, casual or personalised way. This is done by putting si in front of the group, occupation or category to which that person belongs.
    Si pemuda tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.
    Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.
    Dia ketawa sama si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.
  3. Definite grammatical article (title 2) Similar to the preceding use, si is used to refer to all the members of a certain group or category.
    Si pembeli harus dilayani dengan ramah. ― The customer must be attended to in a friendly way.
    Kalau si suami beragama Kristen sedangkan si isteri beragama Islam, wah bisa ramai rumah tangganya. ― If the husband is a Christian and the wife is a Muslim, phew, you can expect fireworks in the household.
    Si ayah harus belajar mengenal si anak. ― The father has to learn to know the child.

Interlingua

Adverb

si

  1. yes

Italian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

si

  1. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself on my bed.
    Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.
  2. (reciprocal) each other, one another
    Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.
  3. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
    In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 12.
    In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.
    Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.
    Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.
  4. (si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it
    Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.
    Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.

Usage notes

  • When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
  • Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:
    Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]
  • Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
  • In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:
    Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
    (instead of: *Si si lava.)
  • Becomes se when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

See also

Noun

si

  1. (music) B

See also

Japhug

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj.

Verb

si

  1. die

Further reading

  • Guillaume Jacques, Argument Demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong (2012)

Koro (India)

Noun

si

  1. water

References

  • Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Adjective

si

  1. (possessive) his, her, hers, its, their

Latin

Etymology

For Old Latin seī, apparently derived from the nominative stem of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); related to Old English sio (“she”).

Pronunciation

Conjunction

sī

  1. if, supposing that
    Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poetārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.
    If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Aromanian: si
  • Catalan: si
  • Franco-Provençal: se
  • French: si
  • Friulian: se
  • Galician: se
  • Italian: se
  • Occitan: se
  • Portuguese: se
  • Romanian: să
  • Romansch: sche
  • Sicilian: si
  • Spanish: si

References

  • si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • si in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • si in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • if I live till then: si vita mihi suppeditat
    • if I live till then: si vita suppetit
    • if anything should happen to me; if I die: si quid (humanitus) mihi accidat or acciderit
    • literally: si verba spectas
    • Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1)
    • to put it exactly: si quaeris, si verum quaerimus
  • si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Latvian

Noun

si m (invariable)

  1. (music) si

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

si

  1. third-person feminine singular, nominative: she
    Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra ― She is a very beautiful woman
  2. third-person feminine singular, accusative: her
    Den Hond huet si gebass ― The dog bit her
  3. third-person plural, nominative: they
    Si wunnen zu Lëtzebuerg ― They live in Luxembourg
  4. third-person plural, accusative: them

Declension

Malay

Article

si

  1. the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)
    Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?
    Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?
  2. definite people used with adjectives to describe people
    si mati
    the dead (person)
  3. a definite article used in names or nicknames
    Si Polan
    John Doe

Synonyms

Mandarin

Romanization

si (Zhuyin ˙ㄙ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 廁, 厕

si

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of sí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of sǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of sì.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ziː/

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sia.

Pronoun

si

  1. she
Inflection
Alternative forms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch sia.

Pronoun

si

  1. they (all genders)
Inflection
Alternative forms
Descendants

Etymology 3

See etymology on the main entry.

Verb

si

  1. first-person and third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen

Further reading

  • “si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French se.

Adverb

si

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)

Descendants

  • French: si

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

  • Possibly: IPA(key): /siː/
  • Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
    • IPA(key): /siɛ/, /siə/

Pronoun

sî

  1. Alternative form of sê

Molo

Noun

si

  1. water

Further reading

  • Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)

Nalca

Noun

si

  1. tooth
  2. name

Norman

Etymology

From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. (Guernsey) if

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-.

Verb

si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)

  1. to say
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

si (uncountable)

  1. (music) seventh note of a major scale

Etymology 3

Synonymous with side (side)

Noun

si (uncountable)

  1. side
Usage notes

This term is only used idiomatically in the phrase på si.

Etymology 4

Determiner

si

  1. feminine singular of sin

References

  • “si” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “si” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

See etymology on the main entry.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siː/
  • Homophone: sid

Determiner

si

  1. feminine singular of sin

Etymology 2

Noun

si (uncountable)

  1. (music) seventh note of a major scale

Etymology 3

Synonymous with side (side)

Noun

si (uncountable)

  1. side
Usage notes

This term is only used idiomatically in the phrase på si.

References

Old French

Alternative forms

  • se
  • s' (before a vowel)

Etymology 1

From Latin sic.

Adverb

si

  1. so; thus; in such a way

Descendants

  • French: si
  • Norman: si

Etymology 2

See se.

Conjunction

si

  1. Alternative form of se (if)

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin sīc (“thus; so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsi/

Adverb

si

  1. yes, affirmatively

Descendants

Old Saxon

Pronunciation

Article

si

  1. feminine nominative singular of sē

Declension


Conjunction

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Spanish si and Portuguese se and Kabuverdianu sí.

Conjunction

si

  1. if

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsi/
  • Hyphenation: si

Etymology 1

From Latin sē (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun).

Alternative forms

  • sy (obsolete)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

  1. (following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves.
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject)		 Accusative
(direct object)		 Dative
(indirect object)		 Prepositional Prepositional
with com		 Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no)		 a
(la, na)		 lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil)		 a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos)		 as
(las, nas)		 lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

  1. si (musical note)
Coordinate terms

Etymology 3

Conjunction

si

  1. Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazilian Portuguese.

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen, se
  • (Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.

Adverb

si

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) up, upward, upwards

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

  1. Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
    1. to myself
    2. to yourself
    3. to himself
    4. to herself
    5. to itself
    6. to ourselves
    7. to yourselves
    8. to themselves

Declension

Verb

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

  1. second-person singular present tense form of biti.

Slovak

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsi/

Verb

si (second-person singular of byť)

  1. (you) are, (thou) art

Pronoun

si

  1. Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object. Roughly comparable with to oneself or for oneself.
    Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying myself shoes.
    Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying the shoes for? Myself.

Synonyms

Further reading

  • si in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /si/

Verb

si

  1. second-person singular present tense form of biti.

Pronoun

si

  1. to oneself (dative singular of sebe (“oneself”))
    Pripravljam si večerjo. ― I am making myself dinner. ("I am preparing dinner for myself.")

Synonyms

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /si/
  • Homophone: sí
  • Rhymes: -i

Conjunction

si

  1. if

See also

Swahili

Adverb

si

  1. not

Tagalog

Article

si

  1. subject marker for personal names; similar in function to ang

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sea.

Noun

si

  1. sea
  2. waves; breakers; swells

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟriiʔ; cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.

Pronunciation

Noun

(classifier cây) si

  1. certain members of the Mallotus and Ficus genera

Volapük

Interjection

si

  1. yes

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

  1. if

Welsh

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siː/

Noun

si m (plural sïon)

  1. murmur, hum

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse séa, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Doublet of sjå.

Pronunciation

  • (Umeå) IPA(key): /siː/
  • (Skellefteå) IPA(key): /seɪ̯ː/
  • (Luleå) IPA(key): /søʏ̯ː/
  • (Kalix) IPA(key): /sɛɪ̯ː/
    Rhymes: -íː
    (ð-dropping) Rhymes: -íː, -íːð
    (northern í-ý merger) Rhymes: -íː, -ýː

Verb

si (preterite så or såg, supine sedt or sitt)

  1. To see.
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