sin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

Translingual

Symbol

sin

  1. (mathematics) A symbol of the trigonometric function sine.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English sinn, senn, synn (“injury, mischief, enmity, feud; sin, guilt, crime”), from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sent-, *h₁sont- ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true, very, sooth"; see sooth).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • enPR: sĭn, IPA(key): /sɪn/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪn

Noun

sin (plural sins)

  1. (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
    As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
  2. A misdeed.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess‎:
      The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
  3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
    • Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
      He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.
  4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
    • William Shakespeare
      Thy ambition, / Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land / Of noble Buckingham.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Verb

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

  1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Modification of shin.

Alternative forms

Noun

sin (plural sins)

  1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ‎
  2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س‎

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Lao ສິ້ນ (sin) or Thai ซิ่น (sîn).

Laotian women wearing sins

Alternative forms

  • sinh, pha sin, phaa sin

Noun

sin (plural sins)

  1. A traditional tube skirt worn by Lao and Thai women, particularly northern Thai and northeastern Thai women.
    • 1992, Lucretia Stewart, Tiger balm: travels in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia, page 25:
      These dancers with their graceful upright carriage, their dreamy distant expressions and their party sins (the women were wearing sins made of brightly-coloured silk woven in squares and broad stripes and usually worn by men) were infinitely more appealing than the younger dancers and the electronic band but, as Darachit was fond of saying and without apparent regret, 'Les traditions ne sont plus respectees."
    • 2008, Robert Cooper, CultureShock! Laos: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette, →ISBN:
      After the change in regime of 1975, every woman seen in public was wearing a sin, as this was part of a dresscode favoured by the new socialist government.
    • 2009, Arne Kislenko, Culture and Customs of Laos, →ISBN, page 128:
      Communism made things even worse by eliminating the export market for locally made textiles and, in some cases, prohibiting the production of silk and the manufacture of clothes. Although traditional sins were allowed, colorful ones were considered bourgeois and banned.

Anagrams

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân.

Noun

sin n (plural sinj)

  1. breast

See also

Asturian

Preposition

sin

  1. Alternative form of ensin

Breton

Etymology

From Latin signum.

Noun

sin m

  1. sign

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)dont- (“tooth, projection”).

Noun

sin

  1. zinc
  2. galvanized iron sheet

Cornish

Noun

sin m (plural sînys)

  1. sign

Danish

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -in

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
    Han læste sin bog - He read his (own) book
    Compare: Han læste hans bog - He read his (somebody else's) book

See also

Esperanto

Pronoun

sin

  1. accusative of si

Fon

Noun

sin

  1. water

References

  • Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Gun

Noun

sin

  1. water

References

  • Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN

Hausa

Noun

sin f

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س‎

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɪːn/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪːn

Noun

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

  1. sinew, tendon

Declension

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʃɪnʲ/

Determiner

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an buachaill sin ― that boy

Pronoun

sin

  1. that
    Sin é mo dheartháir.
    That is my brother.

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sin shin
after an, tsin		 not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin sine.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sin/

Preposition

sin

  1. without

Antonyms

Latin

Etymology

From sī + nē.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

sīn

  1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

Livonian

Pronoun

sin

  1. singular genitive form of sinā

Menien

Noun

sin

  1. water

References

  • Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-Germanic *sinnaz.

Noun

sin m, f

  1. direction
  2. attention
  3. sense, intellect, reason
  4. feeling, emotion
  5. sense, perception
  6. meaning

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Further reading

  • “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

  • (originally) IPA(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

Alternative forms

  • sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Pronoun

sîn

  1. (personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, genitive) of his
    • lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
      John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
  2. (personal pronoun, third person, singular, neuter, genitive) of it
  3. (possessive, third person, singular, masculine) his
  4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
Declension

Personal pronoun:

Possessive pronoun:

Etymology 2

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative forms

Verb

sîn

  1. to be

Usage notes
  • Sin/wesen is a verb with two infinitives and mostly identical conjugation, similar to Dutch zijn/wezen. Some forms, such as the imperative (sit/west), may differ depending on the infinitive preferred, but in general which one was used was a matter of personal preference. (This is also true for modern Low German.)

Miskito

Adverb

sin

  1. also, too

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medecine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sɪ̀n]

Noun

sin (possessed form biyiin)

  1. song

Inflection

Northern Sami

Pronoun

sin

  1. accusative and genitive of sii

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skolen sin bil.
    It was the school's car.

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse sinn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɪn/ (example of pronunciation)
  • Homophone: sinn

Determiner

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skulen sin bil.
    It was the the school's car.

References

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

Determiner

sīn m, n

  1. his, its

Descendants

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive), from Proto-Indo-European *seynos (“his”), genitive of *só (“that”). Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sīn

  1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) His; her; its; their.
    him Hrōþgār ġewāt tō hofe sīnum — For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
    þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtom — The woman walked with her feet
    þec Israhēla heriað, herran sīnne — Israel plunders thee, their lords

Usage notes

  • Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hiere and hiera.

Declension

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

Determiner

sin

  1. that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
    a ndéde sin – "that pair (of things)"

Synonyms

Descendants

Pronoun

sin

  1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
      Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
      It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

Noun

sin f (genitive sinar)

  1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

References

  • sin in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

Determiner

sīn m, n

  1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
    • that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
      Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
      (Heliand, verse 3832)
Declension


Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

Verb

sīn (irregular)

  1. to be (more at wesan)
Conjugation
Descendants

Picard

Pronoun

sin m

  1. his, hers or its

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish sin.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʃɪn]

Pronoun

sin

  1. that
    Dè tha sin? - What is that?

Derived terms

Determiner

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an gille sin — that boy

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sîːn/

Noun

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

  1. son
Declension

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sîn/

Noun

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

  1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
Declension

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Noun

sín m anim (genitive sína or sinú, nominative plural síni or sinôvi)

  1. son

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sine.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sin/, [sĩn]

Preposition

sin

  1. without

Antonyms

Swedish

Etymology 1

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

Noun

sin ?

  1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notes

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /siːn/

Pronoun

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

  1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
    Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan
    He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago
    Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan
    He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
    Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda
    She collects her poems in a box
    Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband
    The dog doesn’t like its collar
    De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet
    They gathered their papers and left the meeting
Usage notes
  • The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
Declension

Tatar

Pronoun

sin

  1. you (singular), thou

Turkish

Noun

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

  1. grave, burial place

Inflection

Inflection
Nominative sin
Definite accusative sini
Singular Plural
Nominative sin sinler
Definite accusative sini sinleri
Dative sine sinlere
Locative sinde sinlerde
Ablative sinden sinlerden
Genitive sinin sinlerin

Vietnamese

Noun

sin

  1. (trigonometry) sine

West Frisian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɪn/

Noun

sin c

  1. sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
  2. sense (means of experiencing the external world)
  3. meaning, sense, significance

Noun

sin n

  1. mood
  2. opinion, view
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