tu

See also: TU, ես, and Appendix:Variations of "tu"

Albanian

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

tu ?

  1. pant leg

Aromanian

Etymology 1

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

tu

  1. (second-person singular) you (singular)
See also

Etymology 2

Compare tru.

Preposition

tu

  1. in
  2. into
Synonyms

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin tū.

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (singular)

Bambara

Noun

tu

  1. forest; thicket

Verb

tu

  1. to spit (out)

Batuley

Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian tua.

Adjective

tu

  1. old

References

Breton

Noun

tu m

  1. side

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (singular); thou
  2. one (singular) (impersonal)

Declension

See also

Chipewyan

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

  • Eung-Do Cook, A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan) (2004), page 350

Coatecas Altas Zapotec

Numeral

tu

  1. one

References

Cornish

Adjective

tu

  1. Hard mutation of du.
  2. Mixed mutation of du.

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tu/
  • Audio(file)

Adverb

tu

  1. (informal or dialectal) here

Synonyms

Pronoun

tu

  1. Feminine accusative singular of ten

Further reading

  • tu in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • tu in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Ewe

Noun

tu (plural tuwo)

  1. gun

Verb

tu

  1. to build
  2. to close
  3. to crush
  4. to grind
  5. to meet
  6. to untie

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ty/
  • (Quebec) IPA(key): [t͡sy]
  • (Louisiana) IPA(key): [ti], [t͡ʃy]
  • Audio (France)(file)
  • Homophones: tue, tues, tuent, tus, tut, tût
  • Rhymes: -y

Etymology 1

From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

tu (second person informal singular, possessive determiner ton)

  1. you (singular); thou
Usage notes
  • When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun moi first, it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
    • Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
Inflection
  • Nominative: tu
  • Emphatic: toi
  • Oblique: te
  • t' (proclitic form, colloquial)
Derived terms
  • vous (plural form and polite singular form)

Etymology 2

Verb

tu m (feminine singular tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)

  1. past participle of taire

Etymology 3

From t-il.

Particle

tu

  1. (Quebec, informal) question marker
    C'est-tu possible ?
    Is it possible?

Further reading

Anagrams

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

tu

  1. you

See also

Gaulish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

tū

  1. you (singular); thou

Inflection

NumberSingularPlural
Nominativetūsuīs
Accusativetesuīs
Genitivetousuesron
Dativetoiumē
Ablativeteume
Instrumentaltoi?
Locativetoiumē

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuː/
  • Rhymes: -uː

Verb

tu

  1. Imperative singular of tun.

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu (second-person singular)

  1. (informal, familiar) you (singular), thou

Synonyms

  • vu (formal)

Derived terms

  • tua (“thy, thine, your”)
  • tuo (“something belonging to you”)

See also

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin and common Romance tu.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

Inflection

subject tu
object te
reflexive te
possessive tu, tue

Determiner

tu

  1. (possessive) your

Italian

Etymology

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪u/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -u

Pronoun

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

See also

Japanese

Romanization

tu

  1. Rōmaji transcription of とぅ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of トゥ

Kalasha

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (2nd-person personal pronoun)

See also

Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Persian تو‎ (to), Pashto ته‎ (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨‎ (tūm).

Pronoun

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

See also

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū. Cognates include Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám), Old English þū, Old Persian 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)

  1. you (singular); thou
    Mē tuī pudet.
    I am ashamed of you.

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Inflection

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative ego/egō tū —
genitive meī tuī suī
dative mihi/mihī, mī tibi sibi
accusative mē tē sē, sēsē
ablative mē tē sē, sēsē
vocative egō tū —
possessive meus tuus suus
Plural First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative nōs vōs —
genitive nostrī, nostrum vestrī, vestrum suī
dative nōbīs vōbīs sibi
accusative nōs vōs sē, sēsē
ablative nōbīs vōbīs sē, sēsē
vocative nōs vōs —
possessive noster vester, voster suus

Quotations

  • For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:tu.

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

  • tu in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • tu in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • I will refuse you nothing: nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo
    • I wish you all success in the matter: bene id tibi vertat!
    • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    • convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: persuade tibi
    • convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: velim tibi ita persuadeas
    • (ambiguous) convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: sic volo te tibi persuadere
    • I put myself at your disposal as regards advice: consilii mei copiam facio tibi
    • what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis?
    • to play the flute: tibiis or tibiā canere
    • what sort of humour are you in: quid tibi animi est?
    • I drink your health: propīno tibi hoc (poculum, salutem)
    • (ambiguous) your health: bene tibi or te!
    • my best wishes for your welfare: tibi plurimam salutem
    • what is your opinion: quid censes? quid tibi videtur?
    • do you think so? are you in earnest: ain tu?
    • (ambiguous) I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
    • (ambiguous) everything depends on you: in te omnia sunt
    • (ambiguous) the decision of the question rests with you: penes te arbitrium huius rei est
    • (ambiguous) I blame this in you; I censure you for this: hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem)
    • (ambiguous) convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point: sic volo te tibi persuadere
    • (ambiguous) we expect a great deal from a man of your calibre: magna est exspectatio ingenii tui
    • (ambiguous) the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
    • (ambiguous) be brave: fortem te praebe
    • (ambiguous) your health: bene tibi or te!
    • (ambiguous) a word with you: paucis te volo
    • (ambiguous) a word with you: tribus verbis te volo
    • (ambiguous) I bid you good-bye, take my leave: te valere iubeo
    • (ambiguous) good luck to you: macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo)

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂, *tū, *tu, genitive *tewe, dative *toy, *tebʰ(y)e, accusative *t(w)e. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns. Cognates include Lithuanian tù, Old Prussian tū, thu, toū, thou, tau, Sudovian tu, Old Church Slavonic, Belarusian, Russian ты (ty), Ukrainian, Bulgarian ти (ti), Czech, Polish ty, Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þū), Old High German þū, Old Norse þú, Old English þū, German du, English thou, Old Irish tú, Hittite zik, zikka (from *tega, from *te + *egō), -du- (“to you”) (from *tu), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám), Avestan 𐬙𐬏‎ (tū), (Doric) Ancient Greek τύ (tú), (Ionic) σύ (sú), Latin tū, Tocharian A tu, Tocharian B twe, tuwe, Ossetian ду (du), ды (dy).[1]

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu (personal, 2nd person singular)

  1. (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
    vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
    pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
    būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
  2. (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
    “ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!” māte priecājas ― “oh you loud rooster throat!” mother said happily
    ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!

Usage notes

The form tavs is a possessive pronoun ('your'), while tevis is a true genitive form ('of you'). The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.

Declension

  • tavējs

See also

References

  1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), compare Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, toū, Proto-Slavic *ty. From Proto-Indo-European *tuH; compare Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám), Proto-Germanic *þū. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe; compare (Doric) Ancient Greek τέος (téos) < *tewos, Sanskrit तव (táva). For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʊ/

Pronoun

tù

  1. you (singular)

Declension

Derived terms

  • tavo
  • tavas
  • taviškas
  • tavasis m, tavoji f
  • taviškis m, taviškis f
  • tavaip

See also

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tu]

Determiner

tu

  1. accusative feminine singular of ten

Lower Tanana

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

  • James Kari, Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises (1991)

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tu/
  • Rhymes: -tu, -u

Determiner

tu

  1. that (what is being indicated)

Pronoun

tu

  1. that (that thing)

Mandarin

Romanization

tu

  1. Nonstandard spelling of tū.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of tú.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of tù.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle English

Pronoun

tu

  1. Alternative form of þou

References

Mozarabic

Etymology

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂

Pronoun

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

Inflection

nominative tu
prepositional tíbe
object, reflexive te
possessive tew, ta, tewš, taš

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin tū.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪u/

Pronoun

tu

  1. you

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology 1

From English too.

Adverb

tu

  1. too
  2. very

Etymology 2

From English two.

Numeral

tu

  1. two

North Frisian

Preposition

tu

  1. (Mooring Dialect) to
    • 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
      Gung am tu Sam
      Am an Tram;

Novial

Particle

tu

  1. to

Usage notes

  • Put in front of a verb to make it infinitive.

Pronoun

tu (accusative tum)

  1. (demonstrative) that (which is genderless)

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (singular)

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic [Term?]. Etymon of Modern English two and cognate with Swedish två. Also related to the Romance cognates: French deux, Spanish dos and Latin duo; the Hellenic: Greek δύο (dýo); and the Slavic: Russian два (dva).

Numeral

tu

  1. neuter of tweġen

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtu/

Pronoun

tu

  1. thou, you (singular second person pronoun)

Descendants

  • Fala: tu
  • Galician: tu
  • Portuguese: tu

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tu/
  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

tu

  1. here

Synonyms

Further reading

  • tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).

Pronoun

tu (second person singular, masculine possessive adjective teu, feminine possessive adjective tua)

  1. (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
Usage notes
  • tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Center-west, where “você” has taken its place. It’s still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that, in Rio de Janeiro, the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see , a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among youngsters.
  • According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in many Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
Synonyms
  • (second person singular pronoun): o senhor (Brazil, formal), você (formal in Portugal, informal in Brazil), vossa mercê (formal, archaic), vosmecê (formal, archaic), vossemecê (formal, obsolete)

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject)		 Accusative
(direct object)		 Dative
(indirect object)		 Prepositional Prepositional
with com		 Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no)		 a
(la, na)		 lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil)		 a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos)		 as
(las, nas)		 lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2

Interjection

tu

  1. (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up

Romani

Etymology

From Hindi तू (tū). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

tu (personal)

  1. you (singular)

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (singular), thou

Declension

Synonyms

See also

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish tú.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪u/

Pronoun

tu

  1. you (singular, informal)

Usage notes

  • The more usual form today is thu, while tu is the form used in certain constructions, for instance in the conditional tense.

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)

  1. there, here, in the said place

Synonyms

Sicilian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin tū.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (informal); thou

Inflection

nominative tu
prepositional tia
object, reflexive ti

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtú/
  • Tonal orthography: tȕ

Adverb

tù

  1. here, in this place

Synonyms

South Slavey

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

  • Eung-Do Cook, Keren D. Rice, Athapaskan Linguistics: Current Perspectives on a Language Family (1989), page 247

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tu/
  • Homophones: tú (“you”)
  • Rhymes: -u

Adjective

tu (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)

  1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of tuyo your

Usage notes

The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:

Son tus libros. ― [They] are your books.
Son los libros tuyos. ― [They] are your books.
(“...the books of yours.”)

Synonyms

  • (parts of Central and South America) su

See also

Sranan Tongo

Number

tu

  1. (cardinal) two

Swahili

Adverb

tu

  1. only

Prefix

tu

  1. Marks a verb's object as 1st person plural.
    ninatuona
    I see us

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ʉː

Numeral

tu

  1. (archaic, cardinal) two

Synonyms

  • ett, tu, tre
  • itu
  • på tu man hand

Tanacross

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

  • Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83

Tejalapan Zapotec

Numeral

tu

  1. one

References

Timbe

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.

Pronoun

tu

  1. you

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English two.

Numeral

tu

  1. two
Usage notes

Used when counting; see also tupela.

Etymology 2

From English too

Adverb

tu

  1. too; also; as well
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Genesis 1:15 (translation here):
      God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.
    • 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎, →ISBN, page 433:
      Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
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Upper Kuskokwim

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

  • Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Verb

tu

  1. (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
  2. (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
  • nhà tu
  • đi tu

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English too.

Pronunciation

Adverb

tu

  1. (degree) too, excessively.

Derived terms

  • tumödo

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish táeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.

Pronunciation

Noun

tu m (uncountable)

  1. side

Derived terms

  • tu allan (“outside”)
  • tu hwnt (“beyond”)
  • tu mewn (“inside”)
  • tu ôl (“behind”)

Preposition

tu

  1. beside, next to

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
tu du nhu thu
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, 2014

Yale

Noun

tu

  1. water

References

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