wis

See also: -wis and Wis.

English

Pronunciation

Audio (US) (file)

Alternative forms

wiss, ywis, iwis

Etymology 1

From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.

Adverb

wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)

(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely
- 1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices:
  So I wis would the Dragon under him [...]
(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly
(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed
"As wis God helpe me." --Chaucer.

Adjective

wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)

(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain
(rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure
He was wis on his word

I am wis that it will happen

Derived terms

wisly

Etymology 2

From an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen appears similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs are only indirectly related to this one.

Verb

wis (third-person singular simple present wis, present participle -, simple past -, past participle wist or wissed)

(obsolete or archaic) To know.
(obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose.
"Howe'er you wis." --R. Browning.
(obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem.
Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis). --Coleridge.

Anagrams

WSI

Afrikaans

Verb

wis

preterite of weet; knew

Chuukese

Noun

wis

duty, responsibility

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋɪs/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɪs

Etymology 1

Adjective

wis (not comparable)

sure, certain
een wisse dood — a certain death

Inflection

Inflection of wis
uninflected	wis
inflected	wisse
comparative	—
		positive
predicative/adverbial		wis
indefinite	m./f. sing.	wisse
	n. sing.	wis
	plural	wisse
definite		wisse
partitive		wis

Etymology 2

Noun

wis f, m (plural wissen, diminutive wisje n)

twig
bundle, bunch
short for wisdoek (dishcloth)

Etymology 3

Verb

wis

first-person singular present indicative of wissen
imperative of wissen

Gothic

Romanization

wis

Romanization of 𐍅𐌹𐍃

Javanese

Javanese register set
ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi): sampun
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (krama inggil): pun
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (krama andhap): wis

Adverb

wis (Javanese script ꦮꦶꦱ꧀)

already

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs, Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.

Adjective

wīs

wise

Declension

Declension of wīs

Strong declension
	masculine		neuter		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	wīs	wīse	wīs	wīse	wīs	wīsu
accusative	wīsan	wīse	wīs	wīse	wīsa	wīsu
genitive	wīsis	wīsro	wīsis	wīsro	wīsro	wīsrō
dative	wīson	wīson	wīson	wīson	wīsro	wīson

Weak declension
	masculine		neuter		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	wīso	wīsu	wīsa	wīsu	wīsa	wīsu
accusative	wīsin	wīsin	wīsa	wīsin	wīsin	wīsin
genitive	wīsin	wīsno	wīsin	wīsno	wīsin	wīsno
dative	wīsin	wīson	wīsin	wīson	wīsin	wīson

Descendants

Middle Dutch: wijs
- Dutch: wijs
  - Afrikaans: wys

Old English

Alternative forms

ƿis

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /wiːs/

Adjective

wīs

wise

Declension

Weak					Strong
case	singular			plural	case	singular			plural
case	m	n	f	plural	case	m	n	f	m	n	f
nominative	wīsa	wīse	wīse	wīsan	nom.	wīs			wīse	wīs	wīsa, -e
accusative	wīsan	wīse	wīsan	wīsan	acc.	wīsne	wīs	wīse	wīse	wīs	wīsa, -e
genitive	wīsan			wīsra, wīsena	gen.	wīses	wīses	wīsre	wīsra
dative	wīsan			wīsum	dat.	wīsum	wīsum	wīsre	wīsum
dative	wīsan			wīsum	instrumental	wīse

Derived terms

Descendants

Middle English: wis, wys
- Scots: wis, wise
- English: wise
  - ⇒ English: wizard

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs and Old Norse víss.

Adjective

wīs

wise

Descendants

Middle High German: wīse
- German: weise
⇒ Old High German: wīsi

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs, Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.

Adjective

wīs

wise

Declension

Positive forms of wīs

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	wīs	wīse	wīs	wīsu	wīs	wīse
accusative	wīsana	wīse	wīsa	wīsu	wīs	wīse
genitive	wīses	wīsarō	wīsaro	wīsarō	wīses	wīsarō
dative	wīsumu	wīsum	wīsaro	wīsum	wīsumu	wīsum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	wīso	wīsu	wīsa	wīsu	wīsa	wīsu
accusative	wīsun	wīsun	wīsun	wīsun	wīsa	wīsun
genitive	wīsun	wīsonō	wīsun	wīsonō	wīsun	wīsonō
dative	wīsun	wīsum	wīsun	wīsum	wīsun	wīsum

Descendants

Middle Low German: wīs
- Low German:
  - German Low German: wies
  - Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: wuise, wuis
    
    Sauerländisch: weyse, wüse, wīse, wuise
    
    Westmünsterländisch: wiese
- Plautdietsch: weis

Scots

Verb

wis

simple past tense of be

Usage notes

Use wis with singular pronouns & plural nouns, otherwise use wis, war or wir with plural pronouns.