den

See also: Appendix:Variations of "den"

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English den, from Old English denn (“den, lair (of a beast), cave; a swine-pasture, a woodland pasture for swine”), from Proto-Germanic *danjō (“threshing-floor, barn-floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰen- (“flat surface, board, sheet, area, palm of the hand”). Cognate with Scots den (“den, lair”), Middle Dutch denne (“burrow, den, cave, attic”), Dutch den (“ship's deck, threshing-floor, mountain floor”), Middle Low German denne, danne (“threshing-floor, small dale”), German Tenne (“threshing-floor, barn for threshing”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛn/
  • (pin–pen merger) IPA(key): /dɪn/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Homophone: din (pin-pen merger)

Noun

den (plural dens)

  1. A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
    a den of robbers
    Daniel was put into the lions’ den.
  2. A squalid or wretched place; a haunt.
    a den of vice
    an opium den; a gambling den
  3. A comfortable room not used for formal entertaining.
  4. (Britain, Scotland, obsolete) A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)
Synonyms
  • (home of certain animals): lair
    See also: Wiktionary appendix of animal terms, including their homes
Translations

Verb

den (third-person singular simple present dens, present participle denning, simple past and past participle denned)

  1. (reflexive) To ensconce or hide oneself in (or as in) a den.

Etymology 2

From Old French denier, from Latin denarius.

Abbreviation

den

  1. Abbreviation of denier (a unit of weight)

Etymology 3

Adverb

den (not comparable)

  1. Eye dialect spelling of then, representing African American Vernacular English.

Anagrams

Bambara

Noun

den

  1. child
  2. fruit

Derived terms

(Sense 1)

  • denkɛ
  • denkundi
  • denkura
  • denmarayɔrɔ
  • denmisɛn
  • denmuso
  • denso

Verb

den (intransitive)

  1. to bear fruit

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdẽːn/

Noun

den m

  1. human being
  2. person, man
  3. husband

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

  • (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [dɛːn]
  • (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [deːn]

Noun

den m (plural tus)

  1. man
  2. person

Mutation

Czech

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /dɛn/
  • Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *dьnь (“day”).

Noun

den m inanimate

  1. day (24 hours, usually from midnight to midnight)
  2. daytime (time between sunrise and sunset)
  3. (astronomy) day (rotational period of a body orbiting a star)
    Den na Merkuru trvá téměř 59 pozemských dní.
    A day on Mercury lasts almost 59 terrestrial days.
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

den

  1. genitive plural of dno

Etymology 3

Noun

den

  1. genitive plural of dna

Anagrams

Further reading

  • den in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • den in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þann, the accusative form of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dən/, /dɛn/, [d̥ən], [ˈd̥ɛnˀ]
  • Rhymes: -ɛn, -ən

Article

den c (neuter det, plural de)

  1. (definite) the (used before an adjective preceding a noun)
    bilen - the car; den røde bil - the red car

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛn/, [d̥ɛnˀ] or IPA(key): /dən/, [d̥ən]

Pronoun

den c (neuter det, plural de)

  1. (demonstrative) that, the
  2. (personal) it

See also

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛn/
  • Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dan, danne, denne (“pine tree”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *danwō-, *danjō- "pine tree". Cognate with German Tanne.

Noun

den m (plural dennen, diminutive dennetje n)

  1. pine, pine tree
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Article

den (definite)

  1. (archaic) Dative singular masculine form of de.
    Nederland in den goeden ouden tijd. — The Netherlands in the days of yore.
    De baron gaf den koetsier een wenk en het rijtuig rolde heen. — The baron gave the coachman a sign and the carriage rode away. (from the story Gaston von Frankrijk by J.J.A. Goeverneur)
  2. (archaic) Dative singular neuter form of het.
    In den beginne schiep God den hemel en de aarde — In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
  3. (archaic) Dative plural form (for all genders) of de and het.
  4. (archaic) Accusative singular masculine form of de.
  5. (Southern, dialectal) Masculine singular definite article, alternative form of de.
Usage notes
  • The use of den was dropped from written Dutch during the spelling reform of 1947; de is now used instead.
  • Normally only the nominative is used; other forms are archaic but survive in a number of idiomatic expressions.
  • den is still widely used in Brabantian and many other Dutch and Flemish dialects. It is also used in surnames (e.g. Van den Berg).
Inflection
Dutch definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de de het de
Genitive des der des der
Dative den der den den
Accusative den de het de
Derived terms

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /deːn/ (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /den/, /dən/ (unstressed)
  • audio(file)
  • Homophone: dehn
  • Rhymes: -eːn

Article

den (definite)

  1. the; accusative masculine singular of der
  2. the; dative plural for all genders of der

Declension

German definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das die
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem den
Accusative den die das die

Pronoun

den

  1. that; whom; accusative singular of der

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʲɛnˠ/, /dʲənˠ/
  • (Connemara, Aran Islands) IPA(key): /ɡənˠ/

Contraction

den

  1. Contraction of de an.
    Bhris mé den chrann é. ― I broke it off the tree.
    Fuair sé bás den ocras. ― He died of hunger.

Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *de an never appears uncontracted. It triggers lenition of a following consonant other than d, s, or t.

Japanese

Romanization

den

  1. Rōmaji transcription of でん

Luxembourgish

Determiner

den m

  1. unstressed form of deen

Declension

Luxembourgish definite articles
masculine feminine neuter plural
nom./acc. deen (den) déi (d') dat (d') déi (d')
dative deem (dem) där (der) deem (dem) deen (den)

Malay

Pronunciation

Pronoun

den

  1. I, me, my

See also

Mandarin

Romanization

den

  1. Nonstandard spelling of dēn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of dèn.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Article

den

  1. inflection of die:
    1. masculine accusative and dative singular
    2. neuter dative singular
    3. dative plural

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɛn/ - (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /dən/ - (unstressed)

Pronoun

den (genitive dens)

  1. it; third person singular, masculine/feminine gender. Nominative, accusative or dative.

Pronoun

den m, f

  1. (demonstrative pronoun) that

Article

den m, f

  1. The; only used if there is an adjective in front of the noun.
    bilen: the car → den røde bilen: the red car

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛnː/

Pronoun

den m, f (neuter det, plural dei)

  1. (demonstrative pronoun) that
    Eg vil ha den bilen.
    I want that car.

Article

den

  1. the; only used if there is an adjective in front of the noun.
    Han køyrde den raude bilen.
    He drove the red car.

Novial

Conjunction

den

  1. for (indicating the reason justifying a given deduction)

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese dentro and Spanish dentro and Kabuverdianu dentu.

Adverb

den

  1. in
  2. inside
  3. below

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛn/

Noun

den

  1. genitive plural of dno

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /den/, [d̪ẽn]
  • Rhymes: -en

Verb

den

  1. Second-person plural (ustedes) present subjunctive form of dar.
  2. Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes?) present subjunctive form of dar.
  3. Second-person plural (ustedes) imperative form of dar.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish þæn, accusative of sā(r), from Old Norse sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛnː/
  • audio(file)

Pronoun

den c

  1. it
  2. that

Declension

Article

den c (definite)

  1. (before an adjective preceding a noun) the
    den röda bilen - “the red car”
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