tutoyer

English

Etymology

From French.

Verb

tutoyer (third-person singular simple present tutoyers, present participle tutoyering, simple past and past participle tutoyered)

  1. (transitive) To address (someone) in French using the familiar second-person pronoun tu.
    • 1862, The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal (volume 115, page 132)
      As I had begged Goethe to tutoyer me, he sent me a message to say, I must really remain more than the two days I had named, otherwise he should never get into the way of doing so.
    • William Stamer, Recollections of a Life of Adventure
      […] Corporal Cornichon, walking straight up to the bar, "tutoyering" me all the time in the most horridly familiar manner, clapped me on the back, and asked me to take a glass of cognac with him.

Synonyms

French

Etymology

tu + (t) +‎ -oyer, compare the Icelandic þúa, German duzen and English thou. Cognate with Spanish tutear.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ty.twa.je/
  • audio(file)

Verb

tutoyer

  1. to address (someone) using tu, to thou
  2. (colloquial) to be familiar with, to be close to something.

Conjugation

This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the ‘y’ with an ‘i’ before a silent ‘e’.

  Conjugation of tutoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive tutoyer avoir tutoyé
gerund en tutoyant en ayant tutoyé
present participle tutoyant
/ty.twa.jɑ̃/
past participle tutoyé
/ty.twa.je/
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il nous vous ils
simple
tenses		 present tutoie
/ty.twa/		 tutoies
/ty.twa/		 tutoie
/ty.twa/		 tutoyons
/ty.twa.jɔ̃/		 tutoyez
/ty.twa.je/		 tutoient
/ty.twa/
imperfect tutoyais
/ty.twa.jɛ/		 tutoyais
/ty.twa.jɛ/		 tutoyait
/ty.twa.jɛ/		 tutoyions
/ty.twaj.jɔ̃/		 tutoyiez
/ty.twaj.je/		 tutoyaient
/ty.twa.jɛ/
past historic1 tutoyai
/ty.twa.je/		 tutoyas
/ty.twa.ja/		 tutoya
/ty.twa.ja/		 tutoyâmes
/ty.twa.jam/		 tutoyâtes
/ty.twa.jat/		 tutoyèrent
/ty.twa.jɛʁ/
future tutoierai
/ty.twa.ʁe/		 tutoieras
/ty.twa.ʁa/		 tutoiera
/ty.twa.ʁa/		 tutoierons
/ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/		 tutoierez
/ty.twa.ʁe/		 tutoieront
/ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/
conditional tutoierais
/ty.twa.ʁɛ/		 tutoierais
/ty.twa.ʁɛ/		 tutoierait
/ty.twa.ʁɛ/		 tutoierions
/ty.twa.ʁjɔ̃/		 tutoieriez
/ty.twa.ʁje/		 tutoieraient
/ty.twa.ʁɛ/
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior1 Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il que nous que vous qu’ils
simple
tenses		 present tutoie
/ty.twa/		 tutoies
/ty.twa/		 tutoie
/ty.twa/		 tutoyions
/ty.twaj.jɔ̃/		 tutoyiez
/ty.twaj.je/		 tutoient
/ty.twa/
imperfect1 tutoyasse
/ty.twa.jas/		 tutoyasses
/ty.twa.jas/		 tutoyât
/ty.twa.ja/		 tutoyassions
/ty.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/		 tutoyassiez
/ty.twa.ja.sje/		 tutoyassent
/ty.twa.jas/
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect1 Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— tutoie
/ty.twa/		 — tutoyons
/ty.twa.jɔ̃/		 tutoyez
/ty.twa.je/		 —
1literary tenses

Antonyms

Derived terms

See also

  • Japanese: 呼び捨て (よびすて, yobisute, “to call someone by their given or family name, without using さん or some other honorific”)

Further reading

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