甲

See also: 田, 申, and 由
甲 U+7532, 甲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532
← 由
[U+7531] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 申 →
[U+7533]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

Han character

甲 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田中 (WL), four-corner 60500, composition ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 758, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7532

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甲
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笚 *ʔl'aːb, *ɡraːb
閘 *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb
鉀 *klaːb, *kraːb
甲 *kraːb
胛 *kraːb
岬 *kraːb
押 *kraːb, *qraːb
玾 *kraːb
呷 *qʰraːb
匣 *ɡraːb
狎 *ɡraːb
柙 *ɡraːb
翈 *ɡraːb
炠 *ɡraːb
鴨 *qraːb
庘 *qraːb

Pictogram (象形) : a turtle shell.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 甲
alt. forms 𠇚
𡴌
𤰒
鉀／钾

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“shell; shield”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kah - vernacular;
  • kap - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 甲 甲 (指甲)
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia²¹⁴/ /t͡ɕia⁰/
Harbin /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /ka²¹³/ 舊
/t͡ɕia²¹³/ 新
Chengdu /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕia̠³¹/ /t͡ɕia̠³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiaʔ²/ /t͡ɕiaʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ka²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kaʔ²¹/ /kaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kɔ⁵/ /kɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/ 		/t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kap̚¹/ /kap̚¹/
Taoyuan /kɑp̚²²/ /kɑp̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Nanning /kap̚³³/ /kɛp̚³³/
Hong Kong /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/ 		/kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑʔ²³/ /kɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka²⁴/ /ka²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kaʔ²/ /kaʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/ /ka⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 狎 (150)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古狎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠap̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚap̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kap̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨp̚/
Li
Rong		 /kap̚/
Wang
Li		 /kap̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kap̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jia
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiǎ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæp ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤr[a]p/
English 1st heavenly stem; fingernail

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甲
Reading # 1/1
No. 5931
Phonetic
component		 甲
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 甲
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːb/
Notes 甲金文作十或田，象龜甲裂紋

Definitions

甲

  1. armor
  2. shell
  3. nail (plate at the end of fingers and toes)
  4. the first of the ten heavenly stems
  5. number one; first; A
  6. A surname​.
Coordinate terms
Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 甲

Borrowed from Dutch akker (“field”) or morgen (“morning”).[1]

Pronunciation

Definitions

甲

  1. (Taiwan) unit of land (area) measure, equivalent to 2,934 坪 (píng) or 0.97 hectares,[2] roughly 2.1 acres

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
 甲
alt. forms 𢓜
徦
到

From 到 (kàu).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

甲

(Min Nan)
  1. to arrive; to reach
  2. to; until; to the extent

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

甲

  1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; really; badly

Etymology 4

Probably from 敢 (kám, káⁿ).

Pronunciation

Definitions

甲

(Min Nan)
  1. how is it that; how could
  2. (Taiwan) since; as

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.
 甲

Pronunciation

Definitions

甲

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and; with”).

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Definitions

甲

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of 共 (kā).

References

  1. ↑ Andrade, Tonio (2005), “Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates”, in How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, Columbia University Press, →ISBN.
  2. ↑ “Entry #1857”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

甲

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
甲
こう
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 甲 (kæp)

Pronunciation

Noun

甲 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana かふ)

  1. carapace, shell
  2. first in rank
  3. instep or the back of the hand
  4. the first party

Proper noun

甲 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō)

  1. the first of the ten Heavenly Stems

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
甲
よろい
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

甲 (hiragana よろい, rōmaji yoroi, historical hiragana よろひ)

  1. armor

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
甲
かん
Grade: S
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

Noun

甲 (hiragana かん, rōmaji kan)

  1. treble range

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
甲
きのえ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

Proper noun

甲 (hiragana きのえ, rōmaji Kinoe)

  1. the first of the ten Heavenly Stems

Korean

Hanja

甲 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

甲 (giáp, giẹp, kép, nháp, ráp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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