乙

See also: 之 and Z
乙 U+4E59, 乙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E59
← 乘
[U+4E58] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乚 →
[U+4E5A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

乙 (radical 5 乙+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 弓山 (NU), four-corner 17710)

  1. Kangxi radical #5, ⼄.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/乙
  • 艺 鳦 𢒼 𤴥 𥘆 𥝎 𦨇 𧈝 𩁶 𪐘

References

  • KangXi: page 83, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 161
  • Dae Jaweon: page 167, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 47, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E59

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 乙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乙
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j29982

j29983

j29984

j29985

j29986

j29987

j29988

j29989

j29990

j29991

j29992

j29993

j29994

j29995

j29996

j29997

j29998

j29999

j30000

j30001

j30002

j30003

j30004

j30005

j30006

j30007

j30008

j30009

j30010

j30011

j30012

j30013

j30014

j30015

j30016

j30017

j30018

j30019

j30020

j30021

j30022

j30023

j30024

j30025

j30026

j30027

j30028

j30029

j30030

j30031

j30032

j30033

j30034

j30035

j30036

j30037

j30038

j30039

j30040

j30041

j30042

j30043

j30044

j30045

j30046

j30047

j30048

j30049

j30050

j30051

j30052

j30053

j30054

j30055

j30056

j30057

j30058

j30059

j30060

j30061

j30062

j30063

j30064

j30065

j30066

j30067

j30068

j30069

j30070

j30071

j30072

Bronze inscriptions

b20226

b20227

b20228

b20229

b20230

b20231

b20232

b20233

b20234

b20235

b20236

b20237

b20238

b20239

b20240

b20241

b20242

b20243

b20244

b20245

b20246

b20247

b20248

b20249

b20250

b20251

b20252

b20253

b20254

b20255

b20256

b20257

b20258

b20259

b20260

b20261

b20262

b20263

Small seal script

s10940

Transcribed ancient scripts

L26039

L26040

L26041

L26042

L26043

L26044

L26045

L26046

L26047

L26048

L26049

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
劜 *qreːd
札 *sqriːd
扎 *sqriːd
蚻 *ʔsriːd
紮 *ʔsriːd
軋 *qriːd
圠 *qriːd
穵 *qriːd, *qʷriːd
挖 *qʷriːd
鳦 *qriːd, *qrid
耴 *ŋrid, *teb
乙 *qriɡ
肊 *qrɯɡ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 乙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 質 (49)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 於筆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔˠiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔᵚit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔjit̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʔjĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qrət/
English 2nd heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乙
Reading # 1/1
No. 14921
Phonetic
component		 乙
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 乙
Old
Chinese		 /*qriɡ/
Notes 甲乙字收ɡ尾與燕乙字收d尾小分部有異

Definitions

乙

  1. The second of the ten heavenly stems (天干 (tiāngān))
  2. second, 2, B, II, beta (used for unnamed people or object, to enumarate headings in a list, for grade)
    路人甲和路人乙  ―  lùrén jiǎ hé lùrén yǐ  ―  passerby A and passerby B
    他法語成績得了乙。 [MSC, trad.]
    他法语成绩得了乙。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā fǎyǔ chéngjī dé le yǐ. [Pinyin]
    He got a B in French.
    乙肝  ―  yǐgān  ―  hepatitis B
  3. (chemistry) eth-; ethyl
    乙烷  ―  yǐwán  ―  ethane
  4. the seventh scale degree in Gongche musical notation (工尺譜／工尺谱 (gōngchěpǔ))
  5. (literary, formal) one
    （公文）……加乙份。  ―  (gōngwén)...... Jiā yǐ fèn.  ―  (In official letters) …added one copy.
  6. A surname​.

Coordinate terms

Compounds

  • 乙醚 (yǐmí)
  • 勾乙
  • 圖乙／图乙
  • 塗乙／涂乙
  • 太乙
  • 太乙數／太乙数
  • 太乙神針／太乙神针
  • 小乙
  • 左乙
  • 某乙
  • 氯乙烯 (lǜyǐxī)
  • 甲乙
  • 聚乙烯
  • 聚苯乙烯
  • 苯乙烯
  • 越鳧楚乙／越凫楚乙
  • 鳧乙／凫乙

See also

Japanese

Kanji

乙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
乙
おつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Originally from Middle Chinese 乙 (MC ʔˠiɪt̚), arising from the proper noun sense. Appears in texts from at least 833 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Proper noun

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji Otsu)

  1. the second of the ten Celestial Stems

Noun

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

  1. the second item of any ordered list
  2. (music) one tone lower than the note indicated by 甲 (kō, “the first of something”)
  3. (by extension from the musical sense) a lower, sonorous and moving sound or tone
  4. (noh theater) in noh musical accompaniment, a specific kind of muffled drum beat played by striking the head of the taiko drum and keeping the mallet pressed against the head
  5. (Kansai dialect, slang) a stupid person, someone who is slow on the uptake
  6. (rare, possibly archaic) the state or circumstances of a thing
  7. (rare, possibly archaic) dressing up in an odd fashion

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
乙
おつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

By extension from the moving tone noun sense. Appears in texts from the late Edo period, in the early 1800s.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

乙 (-na inflection, hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

  1. out of the ordinary, strange or unusual in an interesting or stylish way
  2. strange, odd, weird
    • :ja:東海道中膝栗毛 (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, “Footing It along the Tokaido Road”, or “Shank's Mare”), serial published 1802-1814:
      ヲヤ弥 (や)次 (じ)さん、おつな手つきをしておめへ何をする
      Oya Yaji-san, otsu na tetsuki o shite omē nani o suru
      Oy, Yaji, what do you think you're doing with your weird way of using your hands?
Inflection

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
乙
おつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Derived as aggressive clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu, used as a kind of greeting at work, literally “that's honorable exhaustion (from hard work)”). The use of 乙 for the spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

Interjection

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

  1. (Internet slang) Clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu).

Derived terms

  • うp乙 (pおつ) (upotsu), うぽつ (upotsu)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
乙
きのと
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

乙 (hiragana きのと, rōmaji Kinoto)

  1. the second of the ten Heavenly Stems

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

乙 • (eul)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 을 (revised: eul, McCune–Reischauer: ŭl)
    • Name (hangeul): 새 (revised: sae, McCune–Reischauer: sae)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

乙 (ất, át, ắc, ắt, hắt, ặc, lớt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.