行

See also: 彳亍
行 U+884C, 行
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-884C
← 衋
[U+884B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衍 →
[U+884D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

行 (radical 144, 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 21221, composition ⿰彳亍)

  1. Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.

Usage notes

行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/行
  • 鵆

References

  • KangXi: page 1108, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 811, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+884C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 行

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 行
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
筕 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
桁 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ
行 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
胻 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs
衡 *ɡraːŋ
蘅 *ɡraːŋ
珩 *ɡraːŋ
洐 *ɡraːŋ
荇 *ɡraːŋʔ
絎 *ɡraːŋs

Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.

Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • haang4 - vernacular;
  • hang4 - literary.
Note:
  • giǎng - vernacular;
  • ǎing - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: giàng / hèng
      • IPA (key): /kiaŋ⁵³/, /hɛiŋ⁵³/
Note:
  • giàng - vernacular;
  • hèng - literary.
Note:
  • kiâⁿ - vernacular;
  • hêng - literary.
Note:
  • gian5 - vernacular;
  • hêng5 - literary (used in 行李).
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhan (T3); hhin (T3)
      • IPA (key): /ɦã²³/, /ɦɪɲ²³/
Note:
  • 3hhan - vernacular;
  • 3hhin - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 行
Mandarin Beijing /xɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到
/ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
Jinan /xaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xaŋ²⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～
/ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
Lanzhou /xɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹/
Kunming /xã̠¹/ ～列
/ɕĩ¹/ ～為
Nanjing /xaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xau⁴⁴/ 銀～
/xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /haŋ¹¹/ ～路
/hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
Taoyuan /hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～
/hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
Nanning /hɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /haŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /haŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
/o³¹/
Rime
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 héng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ/
English walk (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 3/4
No. 13867
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋ/

Definitions

行

  1. (literary or dialectal) to walk
  2. to go; to move
  3. to carry out; to execute
  4. to perform (a salute)
  5. OK; good
    行，就這麼定了。 / 行，就这么定了。  ―  Xíng, jiù zhème dìng le.  ―  OK, it's a deal.
  6. to be good; to work
    我覺得這方法行。 / 我觉得这方法行。  ―  Wǒ juéde zhè fāngfǎ xíng.  ―  I think this will work.
  7. to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)
    我成績不行。 / 我成绩不行。  ―  Wǒ chéngjī bù xíng.  ―  I have bad grades.
  8. to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)
Usage notes

Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • òng - vernacular;
  • hòng - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 行
Mandarin Beijing /xɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xɑŋ⁴⁵/ ～到
/ɕiŋ⁴⁵/ ～為
Jinan /xaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xaŋ²⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ⁵³/ 銀～
/ɕiŋ⁵³/ ～走
Lanzhou /xɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹/
Kunming /xã̠¹/ ～列
/ɕĩ¹/ ～為
Nanjing /xaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xau⁴⁴/ 銀～
/xe⁴⁴/ ～動
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /haŋ¹¹/ ～路
/hoŋ¹¹/ 銀～
Taoyuan /hoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²¹/ 銀～
/hɐŋ²¹/ 平～
Nanning /hɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /haŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /haŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
/o³¹/
Rime
Character 行
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 háng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 háng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤaŋ/
English rank, row

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 1/4
No. 13864
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 航
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

行

  1. profession; industry; trade; business
  2. place for specific transaction
    銀行 / 银行  ―  yínháng  ―  bank [lit. money store]
    珠寶行 / 珠宝行  ―  zhūbǎoháng  ―  jewellery store
  3. line of objects; row
  4. (Mainland China) row (in data tables)
  5. (Taiwan) column (in data tables)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hèng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/
English action

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
No. 13876
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋs/

Definitions

行

  1. behaviour; conduct

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下更切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hèng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 行
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xíng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤraŋ-s/
English action

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 4/4
No. 13876
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 行
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡraːŋs/

Definitions

行

  1. skill from monk training
    道行  ―  dàohéng  ―  monk training

Pronunciation 5

Rime
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 héng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 行
Reading # 2/4
No. 13866
Phonetic
component		 行
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 吭
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːŋs/

Definitions

行

  1. † Only used in 行行 (“bold; staunch; strong”).
  2. Only used in 樹行子／树行子 (“row of trees”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

行

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
行
ぎょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kan'yōon pronunciation, possibly influenced by the goon pronunciation below.

Pronunciation

Noun

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana ぎやう)

  1. a line of text
  2. (mathematics) a row of a matrix
  3. (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).

Suffix

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji -gyō)

  1. row (in a table of the kana)
    は行 (ぎょう)う段 (だん)
    ha-gyō u-dan
    row ha, section u
Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
行
ぎょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana ぎやう)

  1. (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
  2. (Buddhism) caryā‎: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  4. (by extension, rare) going, travelling
Usage notes

The "going, travelling" definition is superseded by こう below.

Synonyms
  • (formations): 行 (ぎょう)蘊 (うん) (gyōun)
See also

Proper noun

行 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji Gyō)

  1. A surname​.
  2. A unisex given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
行
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋH, ɦˠæŋH). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

行 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana かう)

  1. going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
  2. type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
  3. (archaic) merchant's association; guild
  4. bank (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Proper noun

行 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō)

  1. A unisex given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
行
くだり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 下り (kudari, “downward-going”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

行 (hiragana くだり, rōmaji kudari)

  1. vertical row
  2. vertical line

Suffix

行 (hiragana くだり, rōmaji -kudari)

  1. used to count lines of sentences (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Etymology 5

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

行 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana あるき, rōmaji Aruki)

  1. A place name

行 (hiragana あん, rōmaji An)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana いく, rōmaji Iku)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana いたる, rōmaji Itaru)

  1. A female given name

行 (hiragana すすむ, rōmaji Susumu)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana つとむ, rōmaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

行 (hiragana つよし, rōmaji Tsuyoshi)

  1. A male given name

行 (hiragana とおる, rōmaji Tōru)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana まこと, rōmaji Makoto)

  1. A unisex given name

行 (hiragana ゆき, rōmaji Yuki)

  1. A place name
  2. A surname​.
  3. A female given name

行 (hiragana ゆくえ, rōmaji Yukue)

  1. A female given name

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

行 (eumhun 다닐 행 (danil haeng))

  1. movement

行 (eumhun 항렬 항 (hangnyeol hang))

  1. degree of familial relation

Compounds

  • (movement): 행동
  • (degree of relation): 항렬

Vietnamese

Han character

行 (hàng, hạnh, hành, ngành, hãng, hăng)

  1. company, firm
  2. (archaic) to go, to travel (on a long journey).

Compounds

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