敢

敢 U+6562, 敢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6562
← 敡
[U+6561] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 散 →
[U+6563]

Translingual

Han character

敢 (radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一十人大 (MJOK) or 弓十人大 (NJOK), four-corner 18140, composition ⿰⿱丅耳攵(HTJKV) or ⿰⿱乛耳攵(G))

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 472, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13260
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1463, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6562

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 敢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撖 *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉 *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉 *l'aːmʔ
敢 *klaːmʔ
橄 *klaːmʔ
瞰 *kʰlaːms
闞 *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨 *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀 *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖 *ŋraːm
礹 *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃 *qʰraːmʔ
讝 *kjam
玁 *hŋramʔ
嚴 *ŋam
儼 *ŋamʔ
曮 *ŋamʔ
釅 *ŋams

Pronunciation

Note:
  • káⁿ - vernacular;
  • kám - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 敢
Mandarin Beijing /kan²¹⁴/
Harbin /kan²¹³/
Tianjin /kan¹³/
Jinan /kã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kan⁵³/
Xi'an /kã⁵³/
Xining /kã⁵³/
Yinchuan /kan⁵³/
Lanzhou /kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kan⁵¹/
Wuhan /kan⁴²/
Chengdu /kan⁵³/
Guiyang /kan⁴²/
Kunming /kã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /kaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /kɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /kø³⁵/
Suzhou /kø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ky³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐm³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐm³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
/kã⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kã⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka²¹³/
Rime
Character 敢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古覽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kamX/
Li
Rong		 /kɑmX/
Wang
Li		 /kɑmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǎn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kamX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤamʔ/
English dare

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敢
Reading # 1/1
No. 3674
Phonetic
component		 敢
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 敢
Old
Chinese		 /*klaːmʔ/
Notes 說文從爪又，古聲，金文從爭甘聲，此爲隸變

Definitions

敢

  1. to dare (to); to venture (to)
    我們必須敢想，敢說，敢幹。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们必须敢想，敢说，敢干。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn. [Pinyin]
    We must dare to think, speak up and act.
    他不敢正眼看她。  ―  Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā.  ―  He didn't dare to look at her in the face.
    在那個風雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, trad.]
    在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]
    Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.
    你敢坐飛機飛行嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你敢坐飞机飞行吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ gǎn zuò fēijī fēixíng ma? [Pinyin]
    Will you venture a flight in an air plane?
  2. to be sure; to be certain
    敢肯定  ―  gǎn kěndìng  ―  to be sure, to be certain
    敢說 / 敢说  ―  gǎn shuō  ―  to be sure, to be certain
    我敢說，你解決不了這個難題。 [MSC, trad.]
    我敢说，你解决不了这个难题。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gǎn shuō, nǐ jiějué bù le zhè ge nántí. [Pinyin]
    I bet you can't do this puzzle.
  3. bold; brave
  4. (Min Nan) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 難道 (“could it be that; is it possible that”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 莫非、豈
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 莫非、豈、難道
Mandarin Beijing 難道、難不成、甭
Taiwan 難道、難不成
Cantonese Guangzhou 唔通
Hong Kong 唔通
Taishan 唔成、敢係、唔得旨、毋旨、毋旨估
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無成、敢講、敢係
Liudui (S. Sixian) 無成、敢講、敢係
Hsinchu (Hailu) 無成、敢講、敢係
Dongshi (Dabu) 無成、敢講、敢會、敢係
Zhuolan (Raoping) 無成、毋成、敢講、敢係
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 無敢、敢講、敢會、敢係
Min Nan Xiamen 敢
Quanzhou 敢
Zhangzhou 敢
Taipei 敢、盍

See also

Compounds

  • 不敢 (bùgǎn)
  • 不敢出氣／不敢出气
  • 不敢出聲／不敢出声 (bùgǎn chūshēng)
  • 不敢則聲／不敢则声
  • 不敢吭聲／不敢吭声
  • 不敢告勞／不敢告劳
  • 不敢妄言
  • 不敢後人／不敢后人
  • 不敢從命／不敢从命
  • 不敢欺
  • 不敢當／不敢当 (bùgǎndāng)
  • 何敢 (hégǎn)
  • 到敢
  • 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
  • 勇猛果敢
  • 怕敢
  • 愧不敢當／愧不敢当
  • 敢且
  • 敢作敢為／敢作敢为
  • 敢作敢當／敢作敢当
  • 敢保
  • 敢做敢當／敢做敢当 (gǎnzuògǎndāng)
  • 敢則／敢则
  • 敢則是／敢则是
  • 敢勇當先／敢勇当先
  • 敢只是
  • 敢問／敢问
  • 敢待
  • 敢怒而不敢言
  • 敢怕
  • 敢情
  • 敢攀玉趾
  • 敢於／敢于 (gǎnyú)
  • 敢是
  • 敢死 (gǎnsǐ)
  • 敢死士

Japanese

Kanji

敢

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. daring, brave, bold
  2. sad, tragic, pitiful

Readings

  • On (unclassified): かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あえて (aete, 敢えて); あえない (aenai, 敢えない); あえず (aezu, 敢えず)

Compounds

References

  • New Nelson: 2,350
  • Halpern: 1,706
  • Halpern Learners: 1,121
  • Heisig: 826
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 4i8.5
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.


Korean

Hanja

敢 • (gam)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 감 (revised: gam, McCune–Reischauer: kam, Yale: kam)
    • Name (hangeul): 감히
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

敢 (cám, cảm, dám)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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