你

See also: 妳, 您, 祢, and 儞

你	U+4F60, 你 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F60

← 佟
[U+4F5F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

佡 →
[U+4F61]

你	U+2F804, 你 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F804

← 𠄢
[U+2F803]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

侮 →
[U+2F805]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

你 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火 (ONF), four-corner 2729₀ or 2729₂, composition ⿰亻尔)

Derived characters

𪡇, 您

References

KangXi: not present, would follow page 100, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 471
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 137, character 5
Unihan data for U+4F60

Chinese

simp. and trad.		你
alt. forms		伱儞伲𤙌汝 Min Nan 伱儞伲𤙌汝 Min Nan 㚢 Hakka

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 你

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L14036	L14037	L14038	L14039

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (尔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
妳	*rneːlʔ
弥	*mnel
尒	*njelʔ
尔	*njelʔ
迩	*njelʔ
你	*nɯʔ
苶	neːb, njed, *neːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ).

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): nǐ (ni³)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˇ

(Chengdu, SP): nyi³

(Dungan, Cyrillic): ни (II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): nei⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nei¹
Gan (Wiktionary): n³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngi² / n²
Jin (Wiktionary): ni²
Min Bei (KCR): nì
Min Dong (BUC): nī
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lí / lír / lú / ní

(Teochew, Peng'im): le²
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3); 'ni (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: nǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
  - Wade–Giles: nih³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
  - IPA ^(key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
  - IPA ^(key): /nʲi⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: ни (II)
  - IPA ^(key): /niː⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: nei⁵
  - Yale: néih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: néi⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /nei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nei¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ⁿdei³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: n³
  - IPA ^(key): /n̩²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ / ngˇ / niˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi² / n² / ng² / ni²
  - IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n¹¹/, /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi² / n²
  - IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngi² / n²
  - IPA: /ɲi¹¹/, /n̩¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ni²
  - IPA (old-style): /ni⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nì
  - IPA ^(key): /ni⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nī
  - IPA ^(key): /nˡi³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
  - Tâi-lô: lí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lie
  - IPA (Philippines): /li⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /li⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
  - Tâi-lô: lír
  - IPA (Kinmen): /lɯ⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /lɯ⁴²/
  - IPA (Tong'an): /lɯ³¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
  - Tâi-lô: lú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luo
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu⁵³/
  - IPA (Penang): /lu⁴⁴⁵/
  - IPA (Singapore): /lu⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
  - Tâi-lô: ní
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/

Note:

lí/lír/lú - vernacular (common substitute for 汝);
ní - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: le²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ́
  - IPA ^(key): /lɯ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3); 'ni (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ʔni³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyi³
  - IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi⁴¹/

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*nɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	你
Reading #	1/1
No.	2769
Phonetic component	尔
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伱
Old Chinese	/*nɯʔ/
Notes	爾汝音變

Definitions

你

(informal) you (the person spoken to or written to)
你好 ― nǐhǎo ― hello

你今天好嗎？ / 你今天好吗？ ― Nǐ jīntiān hǎo ma? ― How are you today?

我喜歡你。 / 我喜欢你。 ― Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ. ― I like you.

Synonyms

您 (nín, “you (polite)”)
妳／你 (nǐ, “you (female)”)

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		汝、爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		你
Mandarin	Beijing	你、您
	Jinan	你
	Xi'an	你
	Wuhan	你、你家
	Chengdu	你
	Yangzhou	你
	Hefei	你
Cantonese	Guangzhou	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Taishan	你
	Yangjiang	你
Gan	Nanchang	你
Hakka	Meixian	你
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	你
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	你
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	你
	Dongshi (Dabu)	你
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	你
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	你
Jin	Taiyuan	你
Min Bei	Jian'ou	你
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汝
Min Dong	Matsu	汝
Min Nan	Xiamen	汝
	Quanzhou	汝
	Zhangzhou	汝
	Taipei	汝
	Kaohsiung	汝
	Tainan	汝
	Taichung	汝
	Hsinchu	汝
	Lukang	汝
	Sanxia	汝
	Yilan	汝
	Kinmen	汝
	Magong	汝
	Penang	汝
	Singapore	汝
	Philippines (Manila)	汝
	Chaozhou	汝
	Shantou	汝
Wu	Shanghai	儂
	Suzhou	倷
	Wenzhou	你
	Ningbo	儂、爾、爾儂、像儂、像爾
Xiang	Changsha	你
Xiang	Shuangfeng	你

Compounds

一場官司一場火，任你好漢沒處躲／一场官司一场火，任你好汉没处躲
不是你死，就是我活
不是我，便是你
不瞞你說／不瞒你说
不說話，沒人當你是啞吧／不说话，没人当你是哑吧
你三我四
你丟我撿／你丢我捡
你个
你來我往／你来我往
你個／你个
你們／你们 (nǐmen)
你儂／你侬
你儂我儂／你侬我侬
你儜
你咱
你好 (nǐhǎo)
你娘
你媽的／你妈的 (nǐmāde)

你家
你家的
你懣／你懑
你我 (nǐwǒ)
你推我擠／你推我挤
你推我讓／你推我让
你敦
你有千條妙計，我有一定之規／你有千条妙计，我有一定之规
你東我西／你东我西
你死我活 (nǐsǐwǒhuó)
你每 (nǐměi)
你爭我奪／你争我夺
你生
你知我見／你知我见
你等
你箇
你老
你老子

你誇我逞／你夸我逞
你謙我讓／你谦我让
你追我趕／你追我赶
你那
你長我短／你长我短
你門／你门
天知地知，你知我知 (tiān zhī dì zhī, nǐ zhī wǒ zhī)
有你沒我／有你没我
有你的
管你
迷你 (mínǐ)
迷你型計算機／迷你型计算机
迷你玫瑰
迷你盆景
迷你裙 (mínǐqún)
迷你豬／迷你猪
迷你電腦／迷你电脑
閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更／阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更

Japanese

Kanji

你

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

you

Readings

Goon: に (ni)
Kan’on: じ (ji)^{←ぢ (di, historical)}
Kun: なんじ (nanji, 你)^{←なんぢ (nandi, historical)}; しかり (shikari, 你り); その (sono, 你の); のみ (nomi, 你)

Usage notes

This character is not used in modern Japanese. It may appear as a 略字 (ryakuji, “abbreviated character”) for 爾, itself only used in historical texts and not used in modern Japanese.

Korean

Hanja

你 • (ni) (hangeul 니, revised ni, McCune–Reischauer ni)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

你 (nể, né, nẻ, nệ, nễ, nhĩ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

Standard Chinese personal pronouns
Person		Singular	Plural
1st	—	我 (wǒ)	我們／我们 (wǒmen)
1st	inclusive	我 (wǒ)	咱們／咱们 (zánmen)
2nd	male/indefinite	你	你們／你们 (nǐmen)
	female	妳／你 (nǐ)	妳們／你们 (nǐmen)
	deity	祢 (nǐ)	祢們／祢们 (nǐmen)
	polite	您 (nín)	你們／你们 (nǐmen) 您們／您们 (nínmen)
3rd	male/indefinite	他 (tā)	他們／他们 (tāmen)
	female	她 (tā)	她們／她们 (tāmen)
	deity	祂 (tā)	祂們／祂们 (tāmen)
	animal	牠／它 (tā)	牠們／它们 (tāmen)
	inanimate	它 (tā)	它們／它们 (tāmen)