金
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
Han character
金 (radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109)
- Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/金
- 𠊄
References
- KangXi: page 1295, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
- Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4167, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91D1
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
金 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𠊍 𨤾 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 金 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 淦 | *kɯːm, *kɯːms |
| 顉 | *ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ |
| 金 | *krɯm |
| 錦 | *krɯmʔ |
| 欽 | *kʰrɯm |
| 菳 | *kʰrɯm |
| 嶔 | *kʰrɯm |
| 撳 | *kʰrɯms |
| 捦 | *ɡrɯm |
| 鵭 | *ɡrɯm |
| 唫 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm |
| 鈙 | *ɡrɯms |
| 崟 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 趛 | *ŋɡrɯmʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯm) : semantic 王 (“upside-down axe”) + semantic 呂 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm).
Etymology
“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] > “metals in general” > “gold”.
The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.
Pronunciation
Definitions
金
- † copper (Cu)
- metal
- metalware
- gold (Au)
- golden; blond
- (by extension) money; material wealth
- (historical) ancient currency unit
- (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
- † (figuratively) sun
- † (figuratively) moon
- † (figuratively) respectful; noble; rich
- † (figuratively) impregnable
- † (figuratively) imperial
- † (figuratively, of voice) beautiful; wonderful
- Short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”).
- Short for 金朝 (Jīncháo, “Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)”).
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 金
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Descendants
Japanese
Kanji
金
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Au | Previous: 白金 (hakkin) (Pt) |
| Next: 水銀 (suigin) (Hg) | |
金 (kane, kugane, kogane, kin): Synthetically produced crystalline gold.
 金 (kane, kana, kin): Metal in general, such as metal sheeting. |
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Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| かな Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese [Term?]. Appears to be the older form of this word. In modern Japanese, only found at the start of compounds.
Pronunciation
Prefix
金 (hiragana かな, rōmaji kana-)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 金山 (kanayama): a mine (for mineral extraction)
- 金床 (kanatoko), 鉄床 (kanatoko), 鉄砧 (kanatoko): an anvil
- 金具 (kanagu): hardware, metal fittings
- 金串 (kanagushi): a metal skewer or spit
- 金轡 (kanagutsuwa): a metal bit (as for a horse's mouth); hush money, a bribe
- 金槌 (kanazuchi): a metal hammer
- 鉄棒 (kanabō): a metal rod or staff
- 金網 (kanāmi): a metal mesh, net, or screen
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| かね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Appears to be a fusion of kana + Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (i). Compare the development of modern kami from kamu + i at 神, te from ta + i at 手, me from ma + i at 目, kaze from kaza + i at 風.
/kana/ + /i/ → /*kanai/ → /kane/
The four kanji spellings of this term, 金 (“gold”), 銀 (“silver”), 銅 (“copper”), and 鉄 (“iron”), hint at the importance of each of these four metals in ancient Japan.
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
Usage notes
The 金 spelling is the most common for this term.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| くがね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of 黄 (ku, “yellow”) + 金 (kane, “metal”). The ku is a variation of regular kun'yomi of ki for the 黄 character.[3] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
金 (hiragana くがね, rōmaji kugane)
- (archaic) gold
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| こがね Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/kuɡane/ → /koɡane/
Alteration of kugane[3], possibly influenced by metaphor from 小金 (kogane, “a small amount of money”), or by the kan'on reading of kō for the 黄 character.
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
金 (hiragana こがね, rōmaji kogane)
- gold
- gold or metal currency: coins, such as 大判 (ōban) or 小判 (koban)
- short for 黄金色 (kogane iro, “gold”, the color)
- short for 黄金の泥 (kogane no dei, “golden mud”, gold dust suspended in an emulsion and used for painting or other decoration)
- ⇒ 金泥 (kondei)
See also
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| きん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim). Compare modern Mandarin 金 (jīn).
Pronunciation
Noun
- gold (Au)
- money
- 金一封をもらった。
- Kin ippū o moratta.
- I received a gift of money.
- 金一封をもらった。
- metal
- (shogi) short for 金将 (kinshō, “the gold general”, a shogi piece)
- one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
Usage notes
Often found in compounds.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 金魚 (kingyo): a goldfish
- 金魚草 (kingyosō): a snapdragon
- 金魚掬い (kingyosukui): goldfish scooping (a fairground game)
- 金属 (kinzoku): a metal, metallic
- 金帛 (kinpaku): gold and silk, money and cloths
- 半金属 (hankinzoku): metalloid
- 非金属 (hikinzoku): a nonmetal, nonmetallic
- 金管楽器 (kinkan gakki): a brass instrument
- 金塊 (kinkai): a gold nugget, bar, ingot, or bullion
- 金型 (kanegata): a die or mold
- 金曜日 (kin'yōbi): Friday
- 金字塔 (kinjitō): a pyramid or monument
- 金銭 (kinsen): money, cash
- 金額 (kingaku): an amount of money
- 金髪 (kinpatsu): blond hair
- 上金 (agegane): tribute paid by general commoners to daimyō in feudal Japan
- 一刻千金 (ikkoku senkin): time flies when you're having fun
- 益金 (ekikin): profit, proceeds
- 換金 (kankin): realization or conversion of goods into money, such as to cash a check
- 金融 (kin'yū): finance
- 消費者金融 (shōhisha kin'yū): consumer finance
- 現金 (genkin): cash
- 国庫金 (kokkokin): treasury funds (as of the central government)
- 合金 (gōkin): an alloy
- 砂金 (sakin): gold dust
- 資金 (shikin): capital, funds
- 資金洗浄 (shikin senjō): money laundering
- 資本金 (shihonkin): capital, capital stock
- 借入金 (shakunyūkin): borrowed money, debt payable, loan payable
- 賞金 (shōkin): prize money, a reward
- 上金 (jōkin): high-quality or high-purity gold
- 代金 (daikin): a rate, a price
- 賃金 (chingin): wages
- 年金 (nenkin): a pension, an annuity
- 白金 (hakkin): platinum
- 引当金 (hikiatekin): provision, reserves
- 預金 (yokin): a deposit (as in a bank account)
- 料金 (ryōkin): a fee
- 錬金術 (renkinjutsu): alchemy
Proper noun
Etymology 6
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 金 |
| こん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 金 (kim).
Pronunciation
Noun
- one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see the "Wu Xing" entry on Wikipedia
References
Korean
Hanja
金 • (gim, geum)
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Noun
金 • (geum) (hangeul 금)
Compounds
Proper noun
金 • (Gim) (hangeul 김)
- A surname.
Vietnamese
Han character
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