癸

癸 U+7678, 癸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7678
← 癷
[U+7677] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癹 →
[U+7679]

Translingual

Han character

癸 (radical 105 癶+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓人一大 (NOMK), four-corner 12430, composition ⿱癶天)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 783, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1193, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2760, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7678

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 癸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 癸
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (癸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
睽 *kʰʷiːl
湀 *kʰʷiːl, *kʷilʔ, *ɡʷilʔ, *kʰʷiːd
聧 *kʰʷiː
藈 *kʰʷiːl
癸 *kʷilʔ
葵 *ɡʷil
鄈 *ɡʷil
楑 *ɡʷil, *ɡʷilʔ
戣 *ɡʷril
鍨 *ɡʷril
騤 *ɡʷril, *kʷiːd
揆 *ɡʷilʔ
猤 *ɡʷils
闋 *kʰʷiːd

Pictogram (象形) - Multiple uncertain interpretations.

Possibly, this was a pictograph of a four handled plow, meant to be operated by 4 people at a time. This character shows how essential and commonplace, collective farming was roughly 3000 years ago, and for the entirety of the area's history.

Etymology

The derivative 揆 is semantically related to the original word.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 癸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居誄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kiuɪX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kjuɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwiX/
Li
Rong		 /kuiX/
Wang
Li		 /kwiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 癸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjwijX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷijʔ/
English 10th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 癸
Reading # 1/1
No. 4644
Phonetic
component		 癸
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 癸
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷilʔ/
Notes 戴侗雲戣初文；甲文象二工（金文或變二木）相交以度圜，本規初文

Definitions

癸

  1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
  2. A surname​.

Coordinate terms

References

Japanese

Kanji

癸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. 10th calendar sign

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
癸
き
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 癸 (kjwijX)

Pronunciation

Proper noun

癸 (hiragana き, rōmaji Ki)

  1. the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
癸
みずのと
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

Proper noun

癸 (hiragana みずのと, rōmaji Mizunoto, historical hiragana みづのと)

  1. the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Korean

Hanja

癸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

癸 (quý, quấy, quậy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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