兄

兄 U+5144, 兄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5144
← 元
[U+5143] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 充 →
[U+5145]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

兄 (radical 10, 儿+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口竹山 (RHU), four-corner 60210, composition ⿱口儿)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 123, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1343
  • Dae Jaweon: page 259, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5144

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 兄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 兄
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j20630

j20631

j20632

j20633

j20634

j20635

j20636

j20637

j20638

j20639

j20640

j20641

j20642

j20643

j20644

j20645

j20646

j20647

j20648

j20649

j20650

j20651

j20652

j20653

j20654

j20655

j20656

j20657

j20658

j20659

j20660

j20661

j20662

j20663

j20664

j20665

j20666

j20667

j20668

j20669

j20670

j20671

j20672

j20673

j20674

j20675

j20676

j20677

j20678

j20679

j20680

j20681

j20682

j20683

j20684

j20685

j20686

j20687

j20688

j20689

j20690

j20691

j20692

j20693

j20694

j20695

j20696

j20697

j20698

j20699

j20700

j20701

j20702

j20703

j20704

j20705

j20706

j20707

j20708

j20709

j20710

j20711

j20712

j20713

j20714

j20715

j20716

j20717

j20718

j20719

j20720

j20721

j20722

j20723

j20724

j20725

j20726

j20727

j20728

j20729

j20730

j20731

j20732

j20733

j20734

j20735

j20736

j20737

j20738

j20739

j20740

j20741

j20742

j20743

j20744

Bronze inscriptions

b13475

b13476

b13477

b13478

b13479

b13480

b13481

b13482

b13483

b13484

b13485

b13486

b13487

b13488

b13489

b13490

b13491

b13492

b13493

b13494

b13495

b13496

b13497

b13498

b13499

b13500

b13501

b13502

b13504

Small seal script

s06205

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33193

L33194

L10751

L10752

L10753

L10754

L10755

L10756

L10757

L10758

L10759

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怳 *hmaŋʔ
況 *hmaŋs
貺 *hmaŋs
况 *hmaŋs
兄 *hmraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 口 + 儿.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • heng - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 兄
Mandarin Beijing /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕioŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕyoŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕioŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕyoŋ/
Lanzhou /xỹn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕioŋ/
Nanjing /ɕioŋ³¹/
Hefei /xiŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕioŋ¹³/
/ɕy¹³/ ～弟
Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕioŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕioŋ³³/
Wenzhou /ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ɕin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
/ɕiuŋ⁴²/ 弟～
Hakka Meixian /hiuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /heŋ⁵³/
Nanning /heŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiŋ⁵/
/hia⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xœyŋ⁵⁴/
/xiaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hiã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hia²³/
/hia⁵⁵/ ～兄
Rime
Character 兄
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 庚 (112)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許榮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠwiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiuaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwiajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /xiuɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /xĭwɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯wɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiōng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兄
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjwæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥raŋ/
English elder brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兄
Reading # 1/1
No. 13905
Phonetic
component		 兄
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 兄
Old
Chinese		 /*hmraŋ/
Notes 甲金文象張口呵喝之人，金文有往聲者。疑初與孟同源

Definitions

兄

  1. elder brother
  2. elder male cousin
    堂兄  ―  tángxiōng  ―  father’s brother’s son older than oneself
  3. brother (male friend of the same generation)

Compounds

Descendants

Japanese

Kanji

兄

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. elder brother

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

兄 (hiragana あに, rōmaji ani)

  1. one's own elder brother
Synonyms
Idioms
  • 兄たり難く弟たり難し

Etymology 2

Noun

兄 (hiragana え, rōmaji e)

  1. an elder sibling

Etymology 3

Noun

兄 (hiragana せ, rōmaji se)

  1. a woman's brother
  2. a woman's lover or husband
Derived terms
  • いろせ (irose)
  • 汝兄 (nase)
  • 兄子 (seko)
  • 兄な (sena)
  • 兄ろ (sero)

Etymology 4

Compound of 子 (ko, “child”) + の (no, “genitive case marker”) + 上 (kami, “upper”).

Noun

兄 (hiragana このかみ, rōmaji konokami)

  1. an elder sibling

References

  1. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

兄 • (hyeong, hwang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 형, 황 (revised: hyeong, hwang, McCune–Reischauer: hyŏng, hwang, Yale: hyeng, hwang)
    • Name (hangeul): 형, 두려워하다 (revised: hyeong, duryeowohada, McCune–Reischauer: hyŏng, turyŏwŏhada, Yale: hyeng, twuryewehata)
  1. elder brother
  2. fear, dread, be afraid of, stand in fear of, be frightened at, have a horror of

Vietnamese

Han character

兄 (huynh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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