水

水 U+6C34, 水
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34
← 氳
[U+6C33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氵 →
[U+6C35]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 氵 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character

水 (radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230)

  1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/水
  • 尿 𤆩 𤆲

References

  • KangXi: page 603, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1545, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C34

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 水

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 水
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沝 *qʷljilʔ
水 *qʰʷljilʔ


Pictogram (象形) – compare 川.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chúi - vernacular;
  • súi - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 水
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuei²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂuei²¹³/
/suei²¹³/
Tianjin /suei¹³/
Jinan /ʂuei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʂue⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁵³/
Xi'an /fei⁵³/
Xining /fɨ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
Lanzhou /fei⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʂuei⁵¹/
/fei⁵¹/
Wuhan /suei⁴²/
Chengdu /suei⁵³/
Guiyang /suei⁴²/
Kunming /ʂuei⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂuəi²¹²/
Hefei /ʂue²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /suei⁵³/
Pingyao /suei⁵³/
Hohhot /suei⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁵³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕye³⁵/
/ɕy³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyei⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕyəi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sui²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /sui³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃui³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³⁵/
Nanning /sui³⁵/
Hong Kong /søy³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵³/
/t͡sui⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡suoi³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sui⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sui³¹/
/tui²¹³/
Rime
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 式軌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕˠiuɪX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕʷᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiuɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕjwiX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕjuiX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕwiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕwiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shuǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sywijX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
English water; river

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
No. 11948
Phonetic
component		 水
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 水
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷljilʔ/

Definitions

水

  1. water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
  2. liquid; potion; juice
    口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva
  3. river
    漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River
  4. body of water
  5. waterway
  6. flood
  7. additional cost or income
  8. (Cantonese) money
  9. (Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿／𫩥)
    三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars
  10. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
  11. A surname​.
  12. Sui people
    • 水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (水):
  • Japanese: 水 (すい) (sui)
  • Korean: 수 (水, su)
  • Vietnamese: thuỷ (水)

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”).
(This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

Japanese

Kanji

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
  2. places containing water
  3. fluid, liquid
  4. hydrogen

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
水
み
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Typically found in compounds.[1] May be a contraction of mizu below.

Pronunciation

Noun

水 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

  1. element in compounds relating to or containing water
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
水
みず
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly cognate with modern Korean 물 (mul, “water”), compare Middle Korean 믈 (mɯl, “water”).

Pronunciation

Noun

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
    • 1999 July 22, “水みずの踊おどり子こ [Water Dancer]”, in Vol.4 (in Japanese), Konami:
      かめから次 (つぎ)々 (つぎ)とあふれでる水 (みず)を、竜 (りゅう)に変 (か)えて攻 (こう)撃 (げき)してくる。
      Kame kara tsugitsugi to afurederu mizu o, ryū ni kaete kōgeki shitekuru.
      When attacking, she transforms the constant overflow of water from her pot into a dragon.
    Synonyms: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā)
    Antonym: 湯 (yu)
  2. drinking water
    Synonyms: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)
  3. a fluid, liquid
    Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
  4. a flood
    Synonyms: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)
  5. (sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri) halting
  6. (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara-mizu) water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout
Derived terms
Idioms

Prefix

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu-, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water

Proper noun

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji Mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
水
すい
Grade: 1
on’yomi

/ɕuwʲi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/

From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).

Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ),

Pronunciation

Noun

水 (hiragana すい, rōmaji sui)

  1. water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
  2. Short for 水曜 (Suiyō): Wednesday
  3. shaved ice served with flavored syrup
    Synonym: 氷水 (kōrimizu)
Usage notes
  • Most dictionaries proscribe historical -uwi readings such as すゐ (suwi), ずゐ (zuwi), つゐ (tuwi), ゆゐ (yuwi), and るゐ (ruwi); as attested in many historical documents.

Proper noun

水 (hiragana すい, rōmaji Sui)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
水
もい
Grade: 1
Irregular

From the meaning of “that which goes in the 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [mo̞i]

Noun

水 (hiragana もい, rōmaji moi, historical hiragana もひ)

  1. drinking water

See also

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))

  1. (물 수, mul-): water
  2. (as an abbreviation) Wednesday

Compounds

Miyako

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Kanji

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

Noun

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

  1. water

References

Mulam

Noun

水 (nəm4)

  1. water

References

Northern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Kanji

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

  1. water

Oki-No-Erabu

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

Okinawan

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Compounds

Etymology

From earlier 水 (みづ, midzu/midu), attested in 1711 in the Konkoukenshuu (混効験集). The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants. Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mid͡ʑi/

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

Derived terms

Southern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Kanji

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

  1. water

Vietnamese

Han character

  1. water

Yonaguni

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Kanji

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min)

Noun

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min)

  1. water

References

  • The Languages of Japan and Korea (2012), section Yonaguni, page 415 (as miɴ)

Yoron

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

References

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