溝

See also: 沟
溝 U+6E9D, 溝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E9D
← 溜
[U+6E9C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 溞 →
[U+6E9E]

Translingual

Han character

溝 (radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 35147, composition ⿰氵冓)

References

  • KangXi: page 639, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1692, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6E9D

Chinese

trad. 溝
simp. 沟*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
溝 *koː
篝 *koː
鞲 *koː
韝 *koː, *kʰoː
褠 *koː
冓 *koː, *koːs
構 *koːs
購 *koːs
媾 *koːs
覯 *koːs
遘 *koːs, *koːs
煹 *koːs
搆 *koːs
講 *kroːŋʔ
耩 *kroːŋʔ
傋 *kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ
斠 *kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kau - vernacular;
  • kio/ko͘ - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 溝
Mandarin Beijing /kou⁵⁵/
Harbin /kou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kou²¹/
Jinan /kou²¹³/
Qingdao /kou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kou²⁴/
Xi'an /kou²¹/
Xining /kɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kou³¹/
Ürümqi /kɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /kəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kəɯ³¹/
Hefei /kɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kəu¹¹/
Pingyao /kəu¹³/
Hohhot /kəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /kɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kø³³/
Wenzhou /kau³³/
Hui Shexian /kiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kəu³³/
Xiangtan /kəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /kiɛu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /keu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /keu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐu⁵³/
Nanning /kɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐu⁵⁵/
/kʰɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔ⁵⁵/
/kau⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kau⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ke⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kau³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kɔu²³/
/kau²³/
Rime
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古侯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kəu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəw/
Li
Rong		 /ku/
Wang
Li		 /kəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gōu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gōu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤ(r)o/
English irrigation canal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
No. 4185
Phonetic
component		 冓
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 鉤
Old
Chinese		 /*koː/

Definitions

溝

  1. ditch; drain; narrow waterway
  2. (Cantonese) to mix
    溝埋 / 沟埋 [Cantonese]  ―  kau1 maai4 [Jyutping]  ―  to mix together
  3. (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up (girls)
  4. a numeral that refers to 1032 or others

Compounds

See also

Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044
萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan) 京 (Taiwan) 垓 秭 穰 溝／沟 澗／涧 正 載／载
萬億／万亿
(Mainland China)		 億億／亿亿
(Mainland China)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

溝

  1. Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see 港 (“port; harbour; Hong Kong; etc.”).
(This character, 溝, is a variant form of 港.)

Japanese

Kanji

溝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *minsə.

Noun

溝 (hiragana みぞ, rōmaji mizo)

  1. a ditch
  2. a groove
  3. a gulf; a gap
  4. disagreement between people
    大 (おお)きな溝 (みぞ)がある
    ōki na mizo ga aru
    there is tremendous disagreement
    溝 (みぞ)が深 (ふか)まる
    mizo ga fukamaru
    disagreement worsens

Etymology 2

Number

溝 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō)

  1. A number of 1032 in modern Japanese since 17th century.

Korean

Hanja

溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

溝 (câu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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