ar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"

English

Pronunciation

Noun

ar (plural ars)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.
    All the ars in the inscription.

Translations

See also

Interjection

ar

  1. (Britain, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Derived terms

Particle

ar

  1. (Britain, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aurum.

Noun

ar m (definite singular ari)

  1. gold
    Synonym: flori

Declension

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

Verb

ar (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

  1. I plough.

Basque

Noun

ar

  1. male

Breton

Article

ar

  1. the

See also

Chuukese

Determiner

ar

  1. third person plural general possessive; their
Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ainei-ei
Second person omw, omnoum-om
Third person announ-an
PluralFirst person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		-em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, aminoumi-emi
Third person arnour-er

Cimbrian

Etymology 1

Noun

ar m (plural [please provide])

  1. maple, maple tree

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ar

  1. shortening of èar

References

  • “ar” in Umberto Martello Martalar, Alfonso Bellotto, Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Setti Communi vicentini, 1st edition, 1974.

Czech

Noun

ar m

  1. are (unit of area approximately equal to 100 square metres)

Further reading

  • ar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • ar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑːr/, [ɑːˀ]
  • Rhymes: -aːˀr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ørr.

Noun

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

  1. scar
Inflection
Derived terms

Verb

ar

  1. imperative of arre

Etymology 2

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

Noun

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

Back-formation from arrenslee. (see there for further etymology)

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

ar m, f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

  1. (obsolete) sledge

Galician

Etymology

From Old Portuguese, from Latin aēr.

Noun

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air
    Synonym: aire

Hausa

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ar̃

Interjection

ar

  1. damn it

Irish

Etymology 1

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

  1. ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
  2. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
  3. íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɛɾʲ/

Preposition

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

  1. on
  2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
    Tá áthas orm.
    I am glad. (lit. ‘Joy is on me’)
    Tá ocras orm.
    I am hungry. (lit. ‘Hunger is on me’)
    Tá slaghdán orm.
    I have a cold. (lit. ‘A cold is on me’)
  3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
    ar crith ― trembling
    ar foluain ― hovering
    ar díol ― for sale
  4. upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
    ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising
  5. upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
    ar a theacht or
    arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming
    ar a chríochnú dom or
    arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
  6. (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
    Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
    We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
Inflection
Derived terms

Etymology 2

an +‎ -r

Particle

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Used to form direct and indirect questions
    Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?
    Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
    Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?
    Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?
  2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
    Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?
  • an (used in non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 3

a +‎ -r

Particle

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause
    an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on
    an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk
    an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in
  • a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Particle

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
    an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher
    an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman
  2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
    an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher
  3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
    Would you like a cup of tea?
    Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.
    I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.

Pronoun

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. all that, whatever
    Sin ar chonnaic mé ann. ― That’s all that I saw there.
    Ar thuig tú ar canadh? ― Did you understand all that was sung?
    Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as. ― I bought whatever you paid for.
  • a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4

Verb

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

  1. said, says
    “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.
    “Come in,” he said.
    “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.
    “I don’t understand,” she says.
    “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.
    “Why?” they said.
  • arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 5

Noun

ar m (genitive singular air)

  1. verbal noun of air (“plough”)
  2. (literary, agriculture) tillage
Declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
ar n-ar har t-ar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • "ar" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

Noun

ar

  1. awl

Kurdish

Noun

ar ?

  1. flour
    Synonym: ard
  2. fire
    Synonym: agir
  3. shame, disgrace
    Synonym: 'ar
  4. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
  5. Abbreviation of argon.

Latvian

Preposition

ar (with instrumental)

  1. with

Verb

ar

  1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of art
  2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of art
  3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of art
  4. 2nd person singular imperative form of art
  5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of art
  6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of art

Lithuanian

Conjunction

ar

  1. interrogative particle, prefaces a sentence to mark it as a question
  2. whether (if (in indirect questions))


This Lithuanian entry was created from the translations listed at whether. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see ar in the Lithuanian Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) February 2010

See also

  • czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

Middle English

Determiner

ar

  1. (chiefly West Midland and Kentish dialectal) Alternative form of here (“their”)

References

Middle Welsh

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ar/

Etymology 1

Preposition

ar (triggers lenition)

  1. on, upon
  2. over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Inflection
  • First-person singular: arnaf
  • Second-person singular: arnat
  • Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
  • Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
  • First-person plural: arnam
  • Second-person plural: arnawch
  • Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronoun

ar

  1. he/she who, whoever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
      Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
  2. that which, whatever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
      What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑːr/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to honour, respect, revere”).

Noun

ār f

  1. honor, glory, grace
    He sundor lif ƿæs foreberende eallum ðam arum.
    He preferred a private life to all honours.
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *aiz. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Confer Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵‎ (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

Noun

ār n

  1. ore, brass, copper
Declension
Descendants

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

Noun

ār f

  1. oar
Declension

Etymology 4

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun

ār m

  1. messenger, herald
    • 8th-11th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:
      Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.
      I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
  2. angel
  3. missionary
Declension

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.

Preposition

ar

  1. for, for the sake of, because of
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12c29
      Ní ar formut frib-si as·biur-sa inso.
      It is not because of envy towards you that I say this.

Inflection

Descendants

  • Irish: ar (conflated with for and íar)

References

  • “1 ar” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Old Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

from Latin re- (“again”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/

Adverb

ar

  1. also
  2. again

Descendants

  • Portuguese: er

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *jērą.

Noun

ār n

  1. year

Declension

Descendants

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ar/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

ar m inan (abbreviation a)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

Noun

ar f pl

  1. genitive plural of ara

Further reading

  • ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese aar, aire, aere, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaχ/, /ˈaɾ/
  • (Caipira) IPA(key): /ˈaɹ/
  • (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈah/
  • Hyphenation: ar

Noun

ar m (plural ares)

  1. air
  2. look, air (aspect)

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:ar.

Derived terms

Romanian

Etymology 1

From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latin habēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.

Verb

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (he/she) would

Verb

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)

  1. (they) would

Etymology 2

Verb

ar

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ara.
  2. first-person singular present subjunctive of ara.

Scottish Gaelic

Adjective

ar

  1. our
    Tha ar nighean ruadh.
    Our daughter is red-haired.

Usage notes

  • Before a vowel, it takes the form ar n-:
    ar n-eaglais ― our church

Verb

ar (defective)

  1. think

Usage notes

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

ar m (Cyrillic spelling ар)

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

Swedish

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Latin area, probably via French are. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

ar c, n

  1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aren ar aren
Genitive ars arens ars arens
Declension of ar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ar aret ar aren
Genitive ars arets ars arens

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun

ar m

  1. (dialectal) eagle

References

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from French are.

Noun

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

  1. feeling of shame
  2. are (unit of area)

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ar/

Preposition

ar (triggers soft mutation)

  1. on
  2. about to (with a verbal noun)
    • 1993, Gareth King, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, →ISBN, p. 131:
      Brysiwch, mae’r trên ar fynd!
      Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection

Westrobothnian

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ǫrn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɑ́ːɾ], [áːɾ] (example of pronunciation)
    Rhymes: -ɑ́ːr, -áːr

Noun

ar m (definite singular aren)

  1. eagle[1], Aquila chrysaetos or Haliaeetus albicilla[2]

Pronoun

ar

  1. Contraction of annar.
  2. Alternative form of ader

References

  1. ↑ Rietz, Johan Ernst, “AR 2”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 12
  2. ↑ Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten Ordbok över Umemålet [Dictionary of the Umeå speech], →ISBN, page 7
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