從

See also: 从, 従, and 𝌘
從 U+5F9E, 從
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F9E
← 徝
[U+5F9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徟 →
[U+5F9F]

Translingual

Traditional 從
Shinjitai 従
Simplified 从

Han character

從 (radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人人人 (HOOOO), four-corner 28281, composition ⿰彳⿱从龰)

References

  • KangXi: page 368, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10152
  • Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 829, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5F9E

Chinese

trad. 從
simp. 从
alt. forms 从
𠚪
従
𬽡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 從
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摐 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
鏦 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
豵 *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloŋ
嵸 *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯 *ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤 *ʔsloŋ
縱 *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs
樅 *ʔsloŋ, *sʰloŋ
磫 *ʔsloŋ
熧 *ʔsloŋ
瘲 *ʔsloŋs
暰 *sʰloŋ
瑽 *sʰloŋ
從 *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs
从 *zloŋ
慫 *sloŋʔ
聳 *sloŋʔ
傱 *sloŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 从 (OC *zloŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Note: chêng, chn̂g - vernacular, chiông - literary.
Rime
Character 從
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zuawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zioŋ/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cóng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]oŋ/
English to follow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從
Reading # 2/3
No. 1858
Phonetic
component		 从
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 從
Old
Chinese		 /*zloŋ/

Definitions

從

  1. to follow; to come after
  2. to comply with; to submit to
  3. to obey; to accept
  4. to join; to be engaged in
  5. from (a place or time); since
  6. through; via; by
  7. (followed by negative) never; ever
  8. 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following"

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 從
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zuawŋH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zioŋH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zòng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzjowngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]oŋ-s/
English follower

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從
Reading # 3/3
No. 1859
Phonetic
component		 从
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 從
Old
Chinese		 /*zloŋs/

Definitions

從

  1. (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname)
    從兄 / 从兄  ―  cóngxiōng  ―  paternal male cousin elder than oneself with the same surname
  2. auxiliary; subsidiary
  3. follower; attendant; entourage

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Note: literary reading.
Rime
Character 從
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七恭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰuawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰioŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cōng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從
Reading # 1/3
No. 1856
Phonetic
component		 从
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 樅
Old
Chinese		 /*zloŋ/

Definitions

從

  1. Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”).

Pronunciation 4

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tsoŋ/
English longitudinal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

從

  1. † Alternative form of 縱／纵 (zòng, “straight; vertical”).
  2. † Alternative form of 縱／纵 (zòng, “to give free reign to”).

Compounds

Pronunciation 5

Definitions

從

  1. † Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng).

Japanese

Shinjitai

 従

Kyūjitai

 從

Kanji

從

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 従)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

從 • (jong, chong) (hangeul 종, 총, revised jong, chong, McCune–Reischauer chong, ch'ong, Yale cong, chong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

從 (tòng, tùng, thủng, tuồng, thong, thung, thùng, tồng, tụng)

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References

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