朋友

Chinese

friend friend
simp. and trad.
(朋友)		 朋 友

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 登 (129) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 步崩切 云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bəŋ/ /ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bəŋ/ /ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bəŋ/ /ɦuwX/
Li
Rong		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiuX/
Wang
Li		 /bəŋ/ /ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱəŋ/ /i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 péng yǒu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 péng yǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bong › ‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˤəŋ/ /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English set of cowries; friend friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9663 15596
Phonetic
component		 朋 又
Rime
group		 蒸 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 朋 有
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯːŋ/ /*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

  1. friend (Classifier: 個／个; 位)
    童年的朋友  ―  tóngnián de péngyǒu  ―  childhood friend
    結交新朋友 / 结交新朋友  ―  jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu  ―  to make new friends
    你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
    你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]
    Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.
  2. (euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner
Synonyms
  • (friend): (slang) 盆友 (pényǒu), 捧油 (pěngyóu), 捧由 (pěngyóu), (Min Nan) 友的
Antonyms
Hyponyms
  • (friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)
Derived terms

See also

Pronunciation 2

Noun

朋友

  1. (archaic) large number of retainers
  2. (archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students
Synonyms
  • (large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朋友):

Other:

  • Hmong (Leng/Der): fim ywg
  • White Hmong: phooj ywg

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朋 友
ほう
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bəŋ ɦɨuX).

Pronunciation

Noun

朋友 (hiragana ほうゆう, rōmaji hōyū, historical hiragana ほういう)
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, romaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

  1. (uncommon) a friend
    Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)
    Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)
Derived terms
  • 知 (ち)己 (き)朋 (ほう)友 (ゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)
Proverbs
  • 善 (ぜん)を責 (せ)むるは朋 (ほう)友 (ゆう)の道 (みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朋 友
ぽん
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
Irregular

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) ポンユー [pòń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • IPA(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友 (katakana ポンユー, rōmaji pon'yū)

  1. (rare) a friend

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
朋友

Noun

朋友

  1. Hán tự form of bằng hữu, “friend”
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