這

See also: 这

這	U+9019, 這 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9019

← 逘
[U+9018]

CJK Unified Ideographs

通 →
[U+901A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

這 (radical 162 辵+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 3030₆, composition ⿺辶言)

References

KangXi: page 1258, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889

Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3844, character 5

Unihan data for U+9019

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
唁	*ŋrans
這	*ŋrans
言	*ŋan
琂	*ŋan
圁	*ŋrɯn
誾	*ŋrɯn
訔	*ŋrɯn
狺	ŋrɯn, ŋɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).

The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).

Etymology 1

trad.		這
simp.		这
alt. forms		遮 archaic 者 archaic 只 archaic 拓 archaic 迓 (liá; yá) Hakka 遮 archaic 者 archaic 只 archaic 拓 archaic 迓 (liá; yá) Hakka 邇／迩 (liá; yá) Hakka 即 (chit) Hokkien

First attested in the Tang Dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:

From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕia^X, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕia^X, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這 (zhè).
From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhè, zhèi (zhe⁴, zhei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ, ㄓㄟˋ

(Chengdu, SP): ze⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic): җы (III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ze², ze³, ze⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): die¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ché / liá / yá

(Meixian, Guangdong): gê³ / ê³
Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁴ / zei³
Min Dong (BUC): ciē
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ché / chí / che / chit / chiá

(Teochew, Peng'im): zê²
Wu (Wiktionary): tse (T2); tseq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhè
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeh
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄟˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chei⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jey
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹/

Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ze⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ze
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: җы (III)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ʂɨː⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ze², ze³, ze⁵
  - Yale: jé, je, jéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dze², dze³, dze⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: zé², zé³, zé⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/, /t͡sɛː³³/, /t͡sɛː¹³/

Note: ze3, ze5 - rare.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: die¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tiɛ³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / liá / yá
  - Hakka Romanization System: ze` / lia` / ia`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ze³ / lia³ / ya³
  - IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /li̯a³¹/, /i̯a³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / yá
  - Hakka Romanization System: ze` / (r)ia`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ze³ / ya³
  - IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /(j)i̯a³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gê³ / ê³
  - IPA: /ke³¹/, /e³¹/

Note:

ché - literary;
liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeh⁴ / zei³
  - IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/, /t͡sei⁴⁵/

Note: zei3 - determiner (contraction of 這一 (zeh4 ieh4)).

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciē
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sie³³/

Note: literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
  - Tâi-lô: tsé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zea
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
  - Tâi-lô: tse
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiá
  - Tâi-lô: tsiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕia⁵³/

Note:

ché/chí/che - pronoun (chí usually written as 只), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
chit - determiner (contraction of 這一), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
chiá - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsé
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡se⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tse (T2); tseq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞³⁴/, /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

這

this; these

看這本書。 / 看这本书。 ― Kàn zhè běn shū. ― Read this book.

這是一個老故事。 / 这是一个老故事。 ― Zhè shì yī ge lǎo gùshì. ― This is an old story.
- 這不是你的書，這是我的書。 [MSC, trad.]
  这不是你的书，这是我的书。 [MSC, simp.]
  Zhè bù shì nǐ de shū, zhè shì wǒ de shū. [Pinyin]
  This is not your book, it's mine.
- 這個就很好，就買這個吧。 [MSC, trad.]
  这个就很好，就买这个吧。 [MSC, simp.]
  Zhè ge jiù hěn hǎo, jiù mǎi zhè ge ba. [Pinyin]
  This is really good. Buy this one.
Synonym of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng, “like this; such”).

這可不行！ / 这可不行！ ― Zhè kě bùxíng! ― This is not okay!
at this moment; right away; at once

我這就去。 / 我这就去。 ― Wǒ zhè jiù qù. ― I'll go now.
filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
meaningless particle in a sentence.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		此、斯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		這
Mandarin	Beijing	這
Mandarin	Taiwan	這
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢、咿
	Hong Kong	呢、咿
	Taishan	該
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	這
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	這
	Dongshi (Dabu)	這
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	這
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	這
Min Dong	Fuzhou	茲
Min Nan	Xiamen	這
	Quanzhou	只、這
	Zhangzhou	這
	Taipei	這
	Chaozhou	只
	Shantou	只
Wu	Shanghai	搿、迭 old-style、第 obsolete

Antonyms

那 (nà, “that, those”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 這

如此這般／如此这般
這下／这下 (zhèxià)
這下子／这下子
這些／这些 (zhèxiē)
這些兒／这些儿
這些時／这些时
這個／这个 (zhège)
這個擋口／这个挡口
這個當兒／这个当儿
這個那個／这个那个
這們／这们
這兒／这儿 (zhèr)
這兩天／这两天
這其間／这其间
這口氣／这口气
這咱／这咱
這回／这回
這回事／这回事
這塊兒／这块儿
這壁廂／这壁厢
這天／这天

這家子／这家子
這山望著那山高／这山望着那山高 (zhè shān wàng zhe nà shān gāo)
這年／这年
這廂／这厢
這廝／这厮
這忽兒／这忽儿
這搭／这搭
這搭兒／这搭儿
這早晚／这早晚 (zhè zǎowǎn)
這早晚兒／这早晚儿 (zhè zǎowǎr)
這時候／这时候
這會兒／这会儿 (zhèhuìr)
這會子／这会子
這樣／这样 (zhèyàng)
這樣一來／这样一来 (zhèyàngyīlái)
這次／这次 (zhècì)
這步田地／这步田地
這注／这注
這溜兒／这溜儿
這番／这番
這當兒／这当儿

這的／这的
這的是／这的是
這程子／这程子
這筆帳／这笔帐
這等／这等 (zhèděng)
這般／这般 (zhèbān)
這般如此／这般如此
這般說來／这般说来
這般這般／这般这般
這號事／这号事
這行子／这行子
這裡／这里 (zhèlǐ)
這輩子／这辈子
這邊／这边 (zhèbiān)
這陣兒／这阵儿 (zhèzhènr)
這頭／这头
這麼／这么 (zhème)
這麼些／这么些
這麼樣／这么样 (zhèmeyàng)
這麼著／这么着 (zhèmezhe)
這麼點兒／这么点儿

Etymology 2

trad.		這
simp.		这

Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁶
Min Nan (POJ): gān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: yen⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁶
  - Yale: yihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gan²²/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiᴇn^H/▼

Rime
Character	這
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	魚變切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋian^H/
Li Rong	/ŋjɛn^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋrans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	這
Reading #	1/1
No.	14270
Phonetic component	言
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	彥
Old Chinese	/*ŋrans/
Notes	今表近指另爲適（之石切）省文

Definitions

這

^† to welcome; to greet; to receive

Japanese

Kanji

這

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

crawl

Readings

Goon: げん (gen)
Kan’on: げん (gen)
Kan’yōon: しゃ (sha)
Kun: はう (hau, 這う); むかえる (mukaeru, 這える)

Compounds

這 (は)い回 (まわ)る (haimawaru)

Korean

Hanja

這 • (jeo, eon) (hangeul 저, 언)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

Hán Việt: giá, gió

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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