ma
English
Etymology 1
Noun
ma (plural mas)
Etymology 2
The sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants.
Pronunciation
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː
Noun
ma (plural mas) (not generally used in the plural)
Usage notes
- Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
- Hey, Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
Translations
See also
Etymology 3
Abbreviation.
Abbreviation
ma
Usage notes
- Usually capitalised as Ma.
Etymology 4
From my
Determiner
ma
- (dialectal) Alternative spelling of my
Anagrams
Acehnese
Noun
ma
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Afrikaans
Noun
ma (plural ma's)
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
- ouma
Ajië
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [and]
Conjunction
ma
References
- Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Alemannic German
Noun
ma
References
- Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.
Anaang
Verb
má
- to love
Further reading
- Cristiane Benjamin Santos, Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Aromanian
Etymology 1
From Latin magis. Compare Daco-Romanian mai.
Adverb
ma
Etymology 2
Conjunction
ma
Asturian
Alternative forms
Noun
ma f (plural mas)
Bambara
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [màꜜà]
Noun
ma
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Breton
Pronoun
ma
Interjection
ma
- good!
Conjunction
ma
Synonyms
Catalan
Determiner
ma
- feminine singular of mon
Cimbrian
Noun
ma m (plural [please provide])
References
- Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dorze
Noun
ma
- bee (insect)
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aː
Noun
ma m (plural ma's, diminutive maatje n)
- (informal) mother
Synonyms
See also
Efik
Verb
má
Further reading
- Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
Estonian
Pronoun
ma (genitive mu, partitive mind)
Finnish
Etymology 1
From maanantai.
Abbreviation
ma
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ma
- (personal, archaic, poetic) I
Synonyms
- minä (standard Finnish)
- mä (colloquial)
- mie (dialectal)
- miä (dialectal)
- mää (dialectal)
- mnää (dialectal)
French
Etymology
From Old French ma, from Latin mea.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ma/
audio (file)
Determiner
ma f
- feminine singular of mon
Related terms
| Possessee | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | |||||
| Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
| Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
| Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
| Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
| Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
| Third person | leur | leurs | ||||
- 1 Also used before the feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute h.
- 2 Also used for the singular polite form.
Further reading
- “ma” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
Pronoun
ma
See also
Hawaiian
Preposition
ma
Hungarian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɒ]
Audio (file)
Adverb
ma
- today
- 1975, Imre Kertész, Sorstalanság, Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016), →ISBN, page 5:
- Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.
-
Noun
ma (plural mák)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ma | mák |
| accusative | mát | mákat |
| dative | mának | máknak |
| instrumental | mával | mákkal |
| causal-final | máért | mákért |
| translative | mává | mákká |
| terminative | máig | mákig |
| essive-formal | maként | mákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | mában | mákban |
| superessive | mán | mákon |
| adessive | mánál | máknál |
| illative | mába | mákba |
| sublative | mára | mákra |
| allative | mához | mákhoz |
| elative | mából | mákból |
| delative | máról | mákról |
| ablative | mától | máktól |
| Possessive forms of ma | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | mám | máim |
| 2nd person sing. | mád | máid |
| 3rd person sing. | mája | mái |
| 1st person plural | mánk | máink |
| 2nd person plural | mátok | máitok |
| 3rd person plural | májuk | máik |
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- ↑ Gábor Zaicz, Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete, Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from French mais, Italian ma, Spanish mas from Latin magis, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ma/
Conjunction
ma
Synonyms
- sed (archaic)
Interlingua
Etymology
Conjunction
ma
Interlingue
Conjunction
ma
Istriot
Etymology
Conjunction
ma
- but
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine
- Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:
Italian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -a
Conjunction
ma
See also
Noun
ma f
- Abbreviation of mamma.
Interjection
ma
References
- ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese
Romanization
ma
Keoru-Ahia
Noun
ma
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Ladino
Etymology
Conjunction
ma (Latin spelling)
Livonian
Alternative forms
Etymology
See etymology at Finnish me.
Pronoun
ma
- I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Declension
| singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | minā ma |
mēg meg |
| genitive (genitīv) | min | mäd |
| partitive (partitīv) | mīnda | mēḑi |
| dative (datīv) | minnõn min |
mäddõn män |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | minkõks | mädkõks |
| illative (illatīv) | minnõ minnõz |
mēži |
| inessive (inesīv) | minsõ | mēši |
| elative (elatīv) | minstõ | mēšti |
See also
References
Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ma]
Verb
ma
- third-person singular present of měś
Mandarin
Romanization
ma (Zhuyin ˙ㄇㄚ)
- Pinyin transcription of 么
- Pinyin transcription of 嗎, 吗
- Pinyin transcription of 嘛
- Pinyin transcription of 㕰
ma
- Nonstandard spelling of mā.
- Nonstandard spelling of má.
- Nonstandard spelling of mǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of mà.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Maricopa
Noun
ma
Middle English
Pronoun
ma
- Alternative form of man
References
- “man (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.
Neapolitan
Etymology
Conjunction
ma
Nigerian Pidgin
Etymology
Determiner
ma
North Frisian
Preposition
ma
- (Mooring Dialect) with
Novial
Conjunction
ma
Old French
Etymology
Determiner
ma f (masculine mon, plural mes)
- my (first-person singular possessive)
Descendants
- French: ma
Old Frisian
Pronoun
ma
Opao
Noun
ma
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Orokolo
Noun
ma
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Pipil
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /maː/
Particle
mā
- Subjunctive marker
- Nechilwijket ma nikinkwepili musta
- They told me to return it to them tomorrow
- Tikajkawat ma seseya pal tikwat
- We leave it to cool down so we can eat it
- Clipping of maka. (Negative imperative marker)
- Ma shina kiuni!
- Don't say that!
Usage notes
- The particle ma helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.
Verb
-má
- Clipping of -maka.
Pitjantjatjara
Adverb
ma
Pohnpeian
Conjunction
ma
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ma/
Verb
ma
- Third-person singular present indicative form of mieć.
- Andrzej ma 18 lat. – Andrzej is 18 years old.
Pronoun
ma
- feminine nominative singular of mój
Synonyms
Samoan
Conjunction
ma
Preposition
ma
Scots
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ma/, /mə/
Pronoun
ma
Scottish Gaelic
Conjunction
ma
- if
- Ma tha thu 'g iarrraidh sin... - If you want that...
Usage notes
- If followed by the future tense, the relative future tense is used.
- Dèan e, ma thogras tu. - Do it, if you want.
- In the conditional tense, instead of ma, nan/nam is used in positive sentences and mura in negative ones.
Situ
Etymology
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma.
Particle
ma
Further reading
- M. Prins, A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlier A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects, 2011)
Suri
Noun
mà
References
- 1999, Michael Bryant, Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, as ma)
- Michael Bryant, A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as mà)
Tahitian
Conjunction
ma
Preposition
ma
Tairuma
Noun
ma
- Alternative form of ma'a
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Toaripi
Noun
ma
- (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe) water
References
- Karl J. Franklin, Comparative Wordlist 1 of the Gulf District and adjacent areas (1975), page 67
Tz'utujil
Adverb
ma
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *maa, from Proto-Uralic *mëxe.
Noun
ma
Inflection
| Inflection of ma | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | ma | ||
| genitive sing. | man | ||
| partitive sing. | mad | ||
| partitive plur. | maid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | ma | mad | |
| accusative | man | mad | |
| genitive | man | maiden | |
| partitive | mad | maid | |
| essive-instructive | man | main | |
| translative | maks | maikš | |
| inessive | mas | maiš | |
| elative | maspäi | maišpäi | |
| illative | ? | maihe | |
| adessive | mal | ||
| ablative | malpäi | mailpäi | |
| allative | male | maile | |
| abessive | mata | maita | |
| comitative | manke | maidenke | |
| prolative | madme | maidme | |
| approximative I | manno | maidenno | |
| approximative II | mannoks | maidennoks | |
| egressive | mannopäi | maidennopäi | |
| terminative I | ? | maihesai | |
| terminative II | malesai | mailesai | |
| terminative III | massai | — | |
| additive I | ? | maihepäi | |
| additive II | malepäi | mailepäi | |
Derived terms
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “грунт, держава, земля, почва, свет, страна”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [maː˧˧]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Vietic *-maː (“genie; phantom; ghost; spirit”)
Noun
(classifier con) ma
- ghost (spirit appearing after death)
Derived terms
- hồn ma
- ma chay
- đám ma
- thây ma
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔.
Noun
(classifier con) ma
Synonyms
Derived terms
- ác ma
- tà ma ngoại đạo
- ma quỷ
- ma thuật
- ma đạo
- ma giáo
- ma nữ
- ma vương
- ma giới
- ma nhân
- ma đế
- ma quái
- ma lực
Vilamovian
Pronoun
ma
Vilela
Noun
ma
References
- Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio, Language Contact and Documentation (2015, →ISBN
- Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta, En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)
Wolof
Pronoun
ma
- me (first-person singular object pronoun)
See also
Xhosa
Verb
-ma?
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zazaki
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ma
Pronoun
ma
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ma˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ma1
- Hyphenation: ma
Etymology 1
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (maa1), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Saek หม่า.
Noun
Etymology 2
From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥰ (maa2), Shan မႃး (máa), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (maa) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (maaa).
Verb
ma (old orthography ma, Sawndip forms 庲, 么, 麻, 𮜃, 𫹞, 駡)
See also
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ímá, from Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.
Verb
-má
- (intransitive) to stand, to be standing
- (intransitive) to stand still, to not move
- (intransitive) to stop, to come to a standstill, to halt
Inflection
| Tone H, latent i | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ukuma | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ukuma | ukungemi | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | yima | yime | |||||||
| Plural | yimani | yimeni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyema, ngima | engimayo, engima | ngima | angimi | engingemi | ngingemi | |||
| 2nd singular | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | uma | awumi | ongemi | ungemi | |||
| 1st plural | siyema, sima | esimayo, esima | sima | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
| 2nd plural | niyema, nima | enimayo, enima | nima | animi | eningemi | ningemi | |||
| Class 1 | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | ema | akemi | ongemi | engemi | |||
| Class 2 | bayema, bema | abemayo, abema | bema | abemi | abangemi | bengemi | |||
| Class 3 | uyema, uma | omayo, oma | uma | awumi | ongemi | ungemi | |||
| Class 4 | iyema, ima | emayo, ema | ima | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
| Class 5 | liyema, lima | elimayo, elima | lima | alimi | elingemi | lingemi | |||
| Class 6 | ayema, ema | emayo, ema | ema | awemi | angemi | engemi | |||
| Class 7 | siyema, sima | esimayo, esima | sima | asimi | esingemi | singemi | |||
| Class 8 | ziyema, zima | ezimayo, ezima | zima | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
| Class 9 | iyema, ima | emayo, ema | ima | ayimi | engemi | ingemi | |||
| Class 10 | ziyema, zima | ezimayo, ezima | zima | azimi | ezingemi | zingemi | |||
| Class 11 | luyema, luma | olumayo, oluma | luma | alumi | olungemi | lungemi | |||
| Class 14 | buyema, buma | obumayo, obuma | buma | abumi | obungemi | bungemi | |||
| Class 15 | kuyema, kuma | okumayo, okuma | kuma | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
| Class 17 | kuyema, kuma | okumayo, okuma | kuma | akumi | okungemi | kungemi | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngimile, ngimē | engimile, engimē | ngimile, ngimē | angimanga | engingemanga | ngingemanga | |||
| 2nd singular | umile, umē | omile, omē | umile, umē | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
| 1st plural | simile, simē | esimile, esimē | simile, simē | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nimile, nimē | enimile, enimē | nimile, nimē | animanga | eningemanga | ningemanga | |||
| Class 1 | umile, umē | omile, omē | emile, emē | akemanga | ongemanga | engemanga | |||
| Class 2 | bemile, bemē | abemile, abemē | bemile, bemē | abemanga | abangemanga | bengemanga | |||
| Class 3 | umile, umē | omile, omē | umile, umē | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
| Class 4 | imile, imē | emile, emē | imile, imē | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
| Class 5 | limile, limē | elimile, elimē | limile, limē | alimanga | elingemanga | lingemanga | |||
| Class 6 | emile, emē | emile, emē | emile, emē | awemanga | angemanga | engemanga | |||
| Class 7 | simile, simē | esimile, esimē | simile, simē | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
| Class 8 | zimile, zimē | ezimile, ezimē | zimile, zimē | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
| Class 9 | imile, imē | emile, emē | imile, imē | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
| Class 10 | zimile, zimē | ezimile, ezimē | zimile, zimē | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
| Class 11 | lumile, lumē | olumile, olumē | lumile, lumē | alumanga | olungemanga | lungemanga | |||
| Class 14 | bumile, bumē | obumile, obumē | bumile, bumē | abumanga | obungemanga | bungemanga | |||
| Class 15 | kumile, kumē | okumile, okumē | kumile, kumē | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
| Class 17 | kumile, kumē | okumile, okumē | kumile, kumē | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngāma | engāma | ngāma | angimanga | engingemanga | ngingemanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wāma | owāma | wāma | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
| 1st plural | sāma | esāma | sāma | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nāma | enāma | nāma | animanga | eningemanga | ningemanga | |||
| Class 1 | wāma | owāma | āma | akemanga | ongemanga | engemanga | |||
| Class 2 | bāma | abāma | bāma | abemanga | abangemanga | bengemanga | |||
| Class 3 | wāma | owāma | wāma | awumanga | ongemanga | ungemanga | |||
| Class 4 | yāma | eyāma | yāma | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
| Class 5 | lāma | elāma | lāma | alimanga | elingemanga | lingemanga | |||
| Class 6 | āma | āma | āma | awemanga | angemanga | engemanga | |||
| Class 7 | sāma | esāma | sāma | asimanga | esingemanga | singemanga | |||
| Class 8 | zāma | ezāma | zāma | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
| Class 9 | yāma | eyāma | yāma | ayimanga | engemanga | ingemanga | |||
| Class 10 | zāma | ezāma | zāma | azimanga | ezingemanga | zingemanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwāma | olwāma | lwāma | alumanga | olungemanga | lungemanga | |||
| Class 14 | bāma | obāma | bāma | abumanga | obungemanga | bungemanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwāma | okwāma | kwāma | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwāma | okwāma | kwāma | akumanga | okungemanga | kungemanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngingema | — | ngingema | ngingeme | — | ngingeme | |||
| 2nd singular | ungema | — | ungema | ungeme | — | ungeme | |||
| 1st plural | singema | — | singema | singeme | — | singeme | |||
| 2nd plural | ningema | — | ningema | ningeme | — | ningeme | |||
| Class 1 | angema | — | engema | angeme | — | engeme | |||
| Class 2 | bangema | — | bengema | bangeme | — | bengeme | |||
| Class 3 | ungema | — | ungema | ungeme | — | ungeme | |||
| Class 4 | ingema | — | ingema | ingeme | — | ingeme | |||
| Class 5 | lingema | — | lingema | lingeme | — | lingeme | |||
| Class 6 | angema | — | engema | angeme | — | engeme | |||
| Class 7 | singema | — | singema | singeme | — | singeme | |||
| Class 8 | zingema | — | zingema | zingeme | — | zingeme | |||
| Class 9 | ingema | — | ingema | ingeme | — | ingeme | |||
| Class 10 | zingema | — | zingema | zingeme | — | zingeme | |||
| Class 11 | lungema | — | lungema | lungeme | — | lungeme | |||
| Class 14 | bungema | — | bungema | bungeme | — | bungeme | |||
| Class 15 | kungema | — | kungema | kungeme | — | kungeme | |||
| Class 17 | kungema | — | kungema | kungeme | — | kungeme | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizokuma | engizokuma | ngizokuma | angizukuma | — | ngingezukuma | |||
| 2nd singular | uzokuma | ozokuma | uzokuma | awuzukuma | — | ungezukuma | |||
| 1st plural | sizokuma | esizokuma | sizokuma | asizukuma | — | singezukuma | |||
| 2nd plural | nizokuma | enizokuma | nizokuma | anizukuma | — | ningezukuma | |||
| Class 1 | uzokuma | ozokuma | ezokuma | akazukuma | — | engezukuma | |||
| Class 2 | bazokuma | abazokuma | bezokuma | abazukuma | — | bengezukuma | |||
| Class 3 | uzokuma | ozokuma | uzokuma | awuzukuma | — | ungezukuma | |||
| Class 4 | izokuma | ezokuma | izokuma | ayizukuma | — | ingezukuma | |||
| Class 5 | lizokuma | elizokuma | lizokuma | alizukuma | — | lingezukuma | |||
| Class 6 | azokuma | azokuma | ezokuma | awazukuma | — | engezukuma | |||
| Class 7 | sizokuma | esizokuma | sizokuma | asizukuma | — | singezukuma | |||
| Class 8 | zizokuma | ezizokuma | zizokuma | azizukuma | — | zingezukuma | |||
| Class 9 | izokuma | ezokuma | izokuma | ayizukuma | — | ingezukuma | |||
| Class 10 | zizokuma | ezizokuma | zizokuma | azizukuma | — | zingezukuma | |||
| Class 11 | luzokuma | oluzokuma | luzokuma | aluzukuma | — | lungezukuma | |||
| Class 14 | buzokuma | obuzokuma | buzokuma | abuzukuma | — | bungezukuma | |||
| Class 15 | kuzokuma | okuzokuma | kuzokuma | akuzukuma | — | kungezukuma | |||
| Class 17 | kuzokuma | okuzokuma | kuzokuma | akuzukuma | — | kungezukuma | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyokuma | engiyokuma | ngiyokuma | angiyukuma | — | ngingeyukuma | |||
| 2nd singular | uyokuma | oyokuma | uyokuma | awuyukuma | — | ungeyukuma | |||
| 1st plural | siyokuma | esiyokuma | siyokuma | asiyukuma | — | singeyukuma | |||
| 2nd plural | niyokuma | eniyokuma | niyokuma | aniyukuma | — | ningeyukuma | |||
| Class 1 | uyokuma | oyokuma | eyokuma | akayukuma | — | engeyukuma | |||
| Class 2 | bayokuma | abayokuma | beyokuma | abayukuma | — | bengeyukuma | |||
| Class 3 | uyokuma | oyokuma | uyokuma | awuyukuma | — | ungeyukuma | |||
| Class 4 | iyokuma | eyokuma | iyokuma | ayiyukuma | — | ingeyukuma | |||
| Class 5 | liyokuma | eliyokuma | liyokuma | aliyukuma | — | lingeyukuma | |||
| Class 6 | ayokuma | ayokuma | eyokuma | awayukuma | — | engeyukuma | |||
| Class 7 | siyokuma | esiyokuma | siyokuma | asiyukuma | — | singeyukuma | |||
| Class 8 | ziyokuma | eziyokuma | ziyokuma | aziyukuma | — | zingeyukuma | |||
| Class 9 | iyokuma | eyokuma | iyokuma | ayiyukuma | — | ingeyukuma | |||
| Class 10 | ziyokuma | eziyokuma | ziyokuma | aziyukuma | — | zingeyukuma | |||
| Class 11 | luyokuma | oluyokuma | luyokuma | aluyukuma | — | lungeyukuma | |||
| Class 14 | buyokuma | obuyokuma | buyokuma | abuyukuma | — | bungeyukuma | |||
| Class 15 | kuyokuma | okuyokuma | kuyokuma | akuyukuma | — | kungeyukuma | |||
| Class 17 | kuyokuma | okuyokuma | kuyokuma | akuyukuma | — | kungeyukuma | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngime | ngingemi | |||||||
| 2nd singular | ume | ungemi | |||||||
| 1st plural | sime | singemi | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nime | ningemi | |||||||
| Class 1 | eme | angemi | |||||||
| Class 2 | beme | bangemi | |||||||
| Class 3 | ume | ungemi | |||||||
| Class 4 | ime | ingemi | |||||||
| Class 5 | lime | lingemi | |||||||
| Class 6 | eme | angemi | |||||||
| Class 7 | sime | singemi | |||||||
| Class 8 | zime | zingemi | |||||||
| Class 9 | ime | ingemi | |||||||
| Class 10 | zime | zingemi | |||||||
| Class 11 | lume | lungemi | |||||||
| Class 14 | bume | bungemi | |||||||
| Class 15 | kume | kungemi | |||||||
| Class 17 | kume | kungemi | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngema | angima | |||||||
| 2nd singular | wema | awuma | |||||||
| 1st plural | sema | asima | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nema | anima | |||||||
| Class 1 | wema | akema | |||||||
| Class 2 | bema | abema | |||||||
| Class 3 | wema | awuma | |||||||
| Class 4 | yema | ayima | |||||||
| Class 5 | lema | alima | |||||||
| Class 6 | ema | awema | |||||||
| Class 7 | sema | asima | |||||||
| Class 8 | zema | azima | |||||||
| Class 9 | yema | ayima | |||||||
| Class 10 | zema | azima | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwema | aluma | |||||||
| Class 14 | bema | abuma | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwema | akuma | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwema | akuma | |||||||
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ma”