zima

See also: Zima, zim’ă, зіма, and зима

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzɪma/
  • audio(file)

Noun

zima f

  1. winter
  2. cold

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

See also

Seasons in Czech · roční období (layout · text)
jaro (“spring”) léto (“summer”) podzim (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

Further reading

  • zima in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • zima in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈʑima]
  • audio(file)

Noun

zima f

  1. winter

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Seasons in Polish · pory roku (layout · text)
wiosna (“spring”) lato (“summer”) jesień (“autumn”) zima (“winter”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zǐːma/
  • Hyphenation: zi‧ma

Noun

zíma f (Cyrillic spelling зи́ма)

  1. winter
  2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

See also

Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text)
spring:
proleće, proljeće, proliće
пролеће, прољеће		 summer:
leto, ljeto
лето, љето		 autumn:
jesen
јесен		 winter:
zima
зима

References

  • “zima” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzima/

Noun

zima f (genitive singular zimy, nominative plural zimy, genitive plural zím, declension pattern of žena)

  1. winter
  2. very cold weather (regardless of the season)

Declension

Derived terms

  • zimný

See also

Further reading

  • zima in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈzìːma/
  • Tonal orthography: zíma

Noun

zíma f (genitive zíme, nominative plural zíme)

  1. winter

Declension

See also

Swahili

Adjective

-zima (declinable)

  1. whole; entire; full
  2. mature; fully grown
  3. (in greetings) well
    U mzima ― Are you well?

Inflection

Verb

-zima (infinitive kuzima)

  1. to turn off, extinguish, quell

Conjugation

Conjugation of -zima
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kuzima kutozima
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative zima zimeni
Habitual huzima
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilizima
nalizima		 tulizima
twalizima		 ulizima
walizima		 mlizima
mwalizima		 alizima walizima ulizima ilizima lilizima yalizima kilizima vilizima ilizima zilizima ulizima kulizima palizima mulizima
Relative niliozima
naliozima		 tuliozima
twaliozima		 uliozima
waliozima		 mliozima
mwaliozima		 aliozima waliozima uliozima iliozima liliozima yaliozima kiliozima viliozima iliozima ziliozima uliozima kuliozima paliozima muliozima
Negative sikuzima hatukuzima hukuzima hamkuzima hakuzima hawakuzima haukuzima haikuzima halikuzima hayakuzima hakikuzima havikuzima haikuzima hazikuzima haukuzima hakukuzima hapakuzima hamukuzima
Present
Positive ninazima
nazima		 tunazima unazima mnazima anazima wanazima unazima inazima linazima yanazima kinazima vinazima inazima zinazima unazima kunazima panazima munazima
Relative ninaozima
naozima		 tunaozima unaozima mnaozima anaozima wanaozima unaozima inaozima linaozima yanaozima kinaozima vinaozima inaozima zinaozima unaozima kunaozima panaozima munaozima
Negative sizimi hatuzimi huzimi hamzimi hazimi hawazimi hauzimi haizimi halizimi hayazimi hakizimi havizimi haizimi hazizimi hauzimi hakuzimi hapazimi hamuzimi
Future
Positive nitazima tutazima utazima mtazima atazima watazima utazima itazima litazima yatazima kitazima vitazima itazima zitazima utazima kutazima patazima mutazima
Relative nitakaozima tutakaozima utakaozima mtakaozima atakaozima watakaozima utakaozima itakaozima litakaozima yatakaozima kitakaozima vitakaozima itakaozima zitakaozima utakaozima kutakaozima patakaozima mutakaozima
Negative sitazima hatutazima hutazima hamtazima hatazima hawatazima hautazima haitazima halitazima hayatazima hakitazima havitazima haitazima hazitazima hautazima hakutazima hapatazima hamutazima
Subjunctive
Positive nizime tuzime uzime mzime azime wazime uzime izime lizime yazime kizime vizime izime zizime uzime kuzime pazime muzime
Negative nisizime tusizime usizime msizime asizime wasizime usizime isizime lisizime yasizime kisizime visizime isizime zisizime usizime kusizime pasizime musizime
Present Conditional
Positive ningezima tungezima ungezima mngezima angezima wangezima ungezima ingezima lingezima yangezima kingezima vingezima ingezima zingezima ungezima kungezima pangezima mungezima
Negative nisingezima
singezima		 tusingezima
hatungezima		 usingezima
hungezima		 msingezima
hamngezima		 asingezima
hangezima		 wasingezima
hawangezima		 usingezima
haungezima		 isingezima
haingezima		 lisingezima
halingezima		 yasingezima
hayangezima		 kisingezima
hakingezima		 visingezima
havingezima		 isingezima
haingezima		 zisingezima
hazingezima		 usingezima
haungezima		 kusingezima
hakungezima		 pasingezima
hapangezima		 musingezima
hamungezima
Past Conditional
Positive ningalizima tungalizima ungalizima mngalizima angalizima wangalizima ungalizima ingalizima lingalizima yangalizima kingalizima vingalizima ingalizima zingalizima ungalizima kungalizima pangalizima mungalizima
Negative nisingalizima
singalizima		 tusingalizima
hatungalizima		 usingalizima
hungalizima		 msingalizima
hamngalizima		 asingalizima
hangalizima		 wasingalizima
hawangalizima		 usingalizima
haungalizima		 isingalizima
haingalizima		 lisingalizima
halingalizima		 yasingalizima
hayangalizima		 kisingalizima
hakingalizima		 visingalizima
havingalizima		 isingalizima
haingalizima		 zisingalizima
hazingalizima		 usingalizima
haungalizima		 kusingalizima
hakungalizima		 pasingalizima
hapangalizima		 musingalizima
hamungalizima
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelizima tungelizima ungelizima mngelizima angelizima wangelizima ungelizima ingelizima lingelizima yangelizima kingelizima vingelizima ingelizima zingelizima ungelizima kungelizima pangelizima mungelizima
General Relative
Positive nizimao tuzimao uzimao mzimao azimao wazimao uzimao izimao lizimao yazimao kizimao vizimao izimao zizimao uzimao kuzimao pazimao muzimao
Negative nisiozima tusiozima usiozima msiozima asiozima wasiozima usiozima isiozima lisiozima yasiozima kisiozima visiozima isiozima zisiozima usiozima kusiozima pasiozima musiozima
Gnomic
Positive nazima twazima wazima mwazima azima wazima wazima yazima lazima yazima chazima vyazima yazima zazima wazima kwazima pazima mwazima
Perfect
Positive nimezima tumezima umezima mmezima amezima wamezima umezima imezima limezima yamezima kimezima vimezima imezima zimezima umezima kumezima pamezima mumezima
"Already"
Positive nimeshazima tumeshazima umeshazima mmeshazima ameshazima wameshazima umeshazima imeshazima limeshazima yameshazima kimeshazima vimeshazima imeshazima zimeshazima umeshazima kumeshazima pameshazima mumeshazima
"Not yet"
Negative sijazima hatujazima hujazima hamjazima hajazima hawajazima haujazima haijazima halijazima hayajazima hakijazima havijazima haijazima hazijazima haujazima hakujazima hapajazima hamujazima
"If/When"
Positive nikizima tukizima ukizima mkizima akizima wakizima ukizima ikizima likizima yakizima kikizima vikizima ikizima zikizima ukizima kukizima pakizima mukizima
"If not"
Negative nisipozima tusipozima usipozima msipozima asipozima wasipozima usipozima isipozima lisipozima yasipozima kisipozima visipozima isipozima zisipozima usipozima kusipozima pasipozima musipozima
Consecutive
Positive nikazima tukazima ukazima mkazima akazima wakazima ukazima ikazima likazima yakazima kikazima vikazima ikazima zikazima ukazima kukazima pakazima mukazima
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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