神

神 U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E
← 祝
[U+795D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 祟 →
[U+795F]
神 U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19
← 礼
[U+FA18] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祥 →
[U+FA1A]

Translingual

Han character

神 (radical 113, 示+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K))

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 神

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 神
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hlin) : semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).

Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.

Pronunciation 1

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 神
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʑin/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shén
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component		 申
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 神
Old
Chinese		 /*hlin/

Definitions

神

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
  2. spirit; soul; mind
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
  5. A surname​. Shen
Usage notes

Different branches of Christianity use different terms for God:

  • 神 and 上帝 (Shàngdì) are used by Protestants.
  • 天主 (Tiānzhǔ) is used by Roman Catholics.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

神

  1. Only used in 神荼 (shēnshū).

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 神

Kyūjitai

 神

Kanji

神

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese. Not related to 上 (/kami1/ invalid IPA characters (1), “up”) or 髪 (/kami1/ invalid IPA characters (1), “hair”). Possibly cognate with Korean 검 (kŏm, "God", "Spirit") Often appears in compounds as /kamu/ (modern /kaɴ/), indicating that /kami/ is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “saké, liquor”, from saka + i).

Compare Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

Pronunciation

Noun

神 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji kami)

  1. (Shinto, Japanese religion) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
    • 2004 October 1, “欠かけ月づきの神かみ [Kami of the Waning Moon]”, in 神かみ河がわ物もの語がたり [Tales of Kamigawa] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:
      すぐさま霊 (れい)都 (と)の護 (ご)衛 (えい)は再 (さい)編 (へん)された。そこに嘆 (なげ)きの神 (かみ)が再 (ふたた)び現 (あらわ)れ、彼 (かれ)らは恐 (おそ)れをなした鳥 (とり)の群 (む)れの如 (ごと)くに散 (ち)り散 (ぢ)りになった。
      ――神 (かみ)河 (がわ)大 (たい)戦 (せん)記 (き)
      Sugusama Reito no goei wa saihensareta. Soko ni nageki no kami ga futatabi araware, karera wa osore o nashita tori no mure no gotoku ni chirijiri ni natta.
      ――Kamigawa Taisenki
      For a moment, Reito’s defenders regrouped. Then wailing kami reappeared to send them scattering like flocks of frightened birds.
      ――Chronicles of the Great Battles of Kamigawa
    • 2005 June 3, “三み日か月づきの神かみ [Kami of the Crescent Moon]”, in 神かみ河がわ救きゅう済さい [Salvation of Kamigawa] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:
      「主 (しゅ)無 (な)き小 (ちい)さな神 (かみ)よ。やつは俺 (おれ)によく似 (に)ている……。ちっぽけな存 (そん)在 (ざい)で、見 (み)向 (む)かれもしない。」
      ——梅 (うめ)澤 (ざわ)俊 (とし)郎 (ろう)
      “Shunaki chīsa na kami yo. Yatsu wa ore ni yoku niteiru……. Chippoke na sonzai de, mimukare mo shinai.”
      ——Umezawa Toshirō
      “That masterless little kami. He’s a lot like me. Disdainful of all things trivial.”
      ——Umezawa Toshirō
  2. (by extension) a deity; a god
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 85)
      Cami. カミ (神) 日本のゼンチヨ (gentios 異教徒)が尊崇する神(Cami).
    • 2004 April 7, Ohba, Tsugumi; Obata, Takeshi, “ｐａｇｅ．１　退たい屈くつ [page.1 Boredom]”, in DEATH NOTEデスノート [DEATH NOTE], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 48–49:
      そして　僕 (ぼく)は新 (しん)世 (せ)界 (かい)の神 (かみ)となる
      Soshite boku wa shinsekai no kami to naru
      And then I will become the god of this new world
    • 2016 July 22, “エムラクールの手て [Hand of Emrakul]”, in 異界月 [Eldritch Moon] (in Japanese), Wizards of the Coast:
      「私 (わたし)は美 (うつく)しき神 (かみ)を信 (しん)じていました。しかし、これが神 (かみ)の真 (しん)の顔 (かお)です。」
      “Watashi wa utsukushiki kami o shinjite imashita. Shikashi, kore ga kami no shin no kao desu.”
      “I believed in a beautiful god. But this is the true face of the divine.”
  3. thunder
  4. (slang, attributive) amazing; great; fantastic; awesome

Proper noun

神 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji Kami)

  1. (Christianity) God
    • 1999 September 16, Katou, Motohiro, “ヤコブの階たい段だん [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.Ｅ.Ｄ. 証しょう明めい終しゅう了りょう [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 184:
      ヤコブは神 (かみ)の言 (こと)葉 (ば)を受 (う)け「約 (やく)束 (そく)の地 (ち)」を探 (さが)して旅 (たび)立 (だ)った　自 (じ)分 (ぶん)達 (たち)を　繁 (はん)栄 (えい)させる土 (と)地 (ち)を‥‥
      Yakobu wa Kami no kotoba o uke “Yakusoku no Chi” o sagashite tabidatta jibuntachi o han'ei saseru tochi o‥‥
      Jacob took God’s word and set out in search of the “Promised Land”, of themselves, of fertile soil‥‥
    • 2003 March 19 [Dec 29 2001], Hotta, Yumi; Obata, Takeshi, “第だい129局きょく　もどって来こい！ [Game 129: Come Back!]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 15 (fiction, in Japanese), 6th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 78–79:
      オレなんかいらねェ！もう打 (う)ちたいって言 (い)わねェよ！だから　神 (かみ)さま！お願 (ねが)いだ！はじめにもどして！アイツを会 (あ)った一 (いち)番 (ばん)はじめに時 (じ)間 (かん)をもどして‼
      Ore nan ka ira nē! Mō uchitaitte iwa nē yo! Dakara Kami-sama! Onegai da! Hajime ni modoshite! Aitsu o atta ichiban hajime ni jikan o modoshite‼
      I don’t need anything! I won’t ask to play any more! So, God! I’m begging you! Return things back to the beginning! Turn time back to when I first met him, please‼
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
神
み
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 御 (mi, honorific prefix, originally used to refer to gods and other high-status things).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

神 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

  1. a god
  2. a spirit
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

神 • (sin) (hangeul 신)

Noun

神 • (sin) (hangeul 신)

  1. Hanja form? of 신 (“god”).

Vietnamese

Han character

神 (thần, thườn)

  1. Hán tự form of thần, “god”
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