王

See also: 𤣩, 玉, and 主
王 U+738B, 王
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-738B
← 玊
[U+738A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玌 →
[U+738C]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

王 (radical 96, 玉+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一土 (MG), four-corner 10104)

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/王

References

  • KangXi: page 727, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20823
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1137, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1099, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+738B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 王
alt. forms 𠙻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 王
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b00446

b00447

b00448

b00449

b00451

b00453

b00454
Small seal script

s00099

s00100

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皇 *ɡʷaːŋ
惶 *ɡʷaːŋ
遑 *ɡʷaːŋ
堭 *ɡʷaːŋ
煌 *ɡʷaːŋ
餭 *ɡʷaːŋ
騜 *ɡʷaːŋ
艎 *ɡʷaːŋ
隍 *ɡʷaːŋ
湟 *ɡʷaːŋ
徨 *ɡʷaːŋ
篁 *ɡʷaːŋ
蝗 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs
凰 *ɡʷaːŋ
偟 *ɡʷaːŋ
媓 *ɡʷaːŋ
韹 *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
葟 *ɡʷaːŋ
皝 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
汪 *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ
尪 *qʷaːŋ
迋 *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
逛 *kʷaŋʔ
誑 *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
匡 *kʰʷaŋ
筐 *kʰʷaŋ
框 *kʰʷaŋ
眶 *kʰʷaŋ
誆 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
邼 *kʰʷaŋ
恇 *kʰʷaŋ
劻 *kʰʷaŋ
洭 *kʰʷaŋ
軭 *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ
狂 *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
軖 *ɡʷaŋ
鵟 *ɡʷaŋ
俇 *ɡʷaŋʔ
王 *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
蚟 *ɢʷaŋ
彺 *ɢʷaŋ
旺 *ɢʷaŋs
諻 *qʰʷraːŋ
喤 *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
瑝 *ɡʷraːŋ
锽
揘 *ɡʷaŋ

The traditional interpretation is that the three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth. The vertical stroke is the king, the one who connects them together. Older representation of the character shows a man like 大 or 天 above a horizontal stroke.

The modern interpretation is that the character is a pictogram (象形) of either an axe or a crown, one of two symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.

Compare the unrelated 玉 (“jade”) and 主 (“master”).

Pronunciation 1

Note: hêng5 - surname.
Rime
Character 王
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 雨方切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /iwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wáng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 王
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷaŋ/
English king

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 王
Reading # 1/2
No. 12742
Phonetic
component		 王
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 王
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷaŋ/

Definitions

王

  1. king; monarch
  2. champion
    棋王  ―  qíwáng  ―  chess champion
    拳王  ―  quánwáng  ―  boxing champion
  3. † grand; great
  4. † (of feudal monarchs) to see the emperor
  5. A surname​: Wang; Wong (Hong Kong)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (王):

Others:

  • → Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)
  • → Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) / ван (van)
  • → Tagalog: Ong, Wong
  • → Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ɔng)
  • → Zhuang: vuengz

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 王
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于放切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /iwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 王
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjwangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷaŋ-s/
English be king

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 王
Reading # 2/2
No. 12746
Phonetic
component		 王
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 迋
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷaŋs/

Definitions

王

  1. † to reign; to rule
  2. † Alternative form of 旺 (wàng, “flourishing; prosperous”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

王

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
王
おう
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 王 (hjwang, “king”).

Pronunciation

Noun

王 (hiragana おう, rōmaji ō, historical hiragana わう)

  1. a king
    • 1999 March 6, “緑りょく樹じゅの霊れい王おう [Spirit King of Greenery]”, in Starter Boxスターターボックス (in Japanese), Konami:
      青 (あお)々 (あお)と生 (お)い茂 (しげ)る木 (き)に囲 (かこ)まれて暮 (く)らす、森 (もり)を治 (おさ)める若 (わか)き王 (おう)。
      Aoao to oishigeru ki ni kakomarete kurasu, mori o osameru wakaki ō.
      The youthful king of the forest, living within thriving evergreen trees.
    • 1999 August 26, “紅こう葉ようの女じょ王おう [Queen of Autumn Leaves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      鮮 (あざ)やかな紅 (こう)葉 (よう)に囲 (かこ)まれて暮 (く)らす、緑 (りょく)樹 (じゅ)の霊 (れい)王 (おう)のお妃 (ひ)。
      Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.
      The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

王 (eumhun 임금 왕 (imgeum wang))

Noun

王 • (wang) (hangeul 왕)

  1. Hanja form? of 왕 (“king, monarch”).

Vietnamese

Han character

王 (vương, vướng)

  1. king

王 (Vương)

  1. A surname
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