bar

See also: Bar and Appendix:Variations of "bar"

English

㍴ U+3374, ㍴
SQUARE BAR
← ㍳
[U+3373] 		CJK Compatibility ㍵ →
[U+3375]

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /bɑː/
  • (US) enPR: bär, IPA(key): /bɑɹ/, [bɑɹ], [bɑ˞]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
  • Homophones: baa, bah (in some pronunciations)

Etymology 1

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Frankish *bara (“bar, beam, barrier, fence”), from Proto-Germanic *barō (“beam, bar, barrier”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰAr- (“log, board, plank”). If so, then cognate with Old High German para, bara (“bar, beam, one's cherished land”), Old Frisian ber (“attack, assault”), Swedish bärling (“a spoke”), Norwegian berling (“a small bar in a vehicle, rod”), Latin forus (“gangway, plank”), Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”), Russian бо́р (bór), Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”). May well have been reinforced by existing Old English term from the same root.

Noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

Two steel bars.
  1. A solid, more or less rigid object of metal or wood with a uniform cross-section smaller than its length.
    The window was protected by steel bars.
  2. (countable, uncountable, metallurgy) A solid metal object with uniform (round, square, hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular) cross-section; in the US its smallest dimension is .25 inch or greater, a piece of thinner material being called a strip.
    Ancient Sparta used iron bars instead of handy coins in more valuable alloy, to physically discourage the use of money.
    We are expecting a carload of bar tomorrow.
  3. A cuboid piece of any solid commodity.
    bar of chocolate
    bar of soap
  4. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe.
    a bar of light; a bar of colour
  5. A long, narrow drawn or printed rectangle, cuboid or cylinder, especially as used in a bar code or a bar chart.
  6. (typography) Various lines used as punctuation or diacritics, such as the pipe ⟨|⟩, fraction bar (as in 12), and strikethrough (as in Ⱥ), formerly (obsolete) inclusive of oblique marks such as the slash.
  7. (mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.
  8. (physics) A similar sign indicating that the charge on a particle is negative (and that consequently the particle is in fact an antiparticle).
  9. A business licensed to sell alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises, or the premises themselves; public house.
    The street was lined with all-night bars.
  10. The counter of such a premises.
    Step up to the bar and order a drink.
  11. A counter, or simply a cabinet, from which alcoholic drinks are served in a private house or a hotel room.
  12. (by extension, In combinations such as coffee bar, juice bar etc.) A premises or counter serving any type of beverage.
  13. An informal establishment selling food to be consumed on the premises.
    a burger bar; a local fish bar
  14. An official order or pronouncement that prohibits some activity.
    The club has lifted its bar on women members.
  15. Anything that obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.
    • Dryden
      Must I new bars to my own joy create?
    • 2013, Terence Dillon, A Long Way Home (page 184)
      Mr Harding could look back on his initial judgement of Paul's talent with great satisfaction while Paul could reflect that to be Irish was not necessarily a bar to progress.
  16. (programming, whimsical, derived from fubar) A metasyntactic variable representing an unspecified entity, often the second in a series, following foo.
    Suppose we have two objects, foo and bar.
  17. (Britain, Parliament) A dividing line (physical or notional) in the chamber of a legislature beyond which only members and officials may pass.
  18. (Britain, law) The railing surrounding the part of a courtroom in which the judges, lawyers, defendants and witnesses stay
  19. (US, law) "the Bar" or "the bar" The bar exam, the legal licensing exam.
    He's studying hard to pass the Bar this time; he's failed it twice before.
  20. (law, metonymically, "the Bar", "the bar") A collective term for lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries but including all lawyers in others.
  21. (telecommunications) A bar-shaped symbol that denotes levels of reception, or reception itself.
    I don't have any bars in the middle of this desert.
  22. (music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.
  23. (music) One of those musical sections.
  24. (sports) A horizontal pole that must be crossed in high jump and pole vault
  25. (figuratively) Any level of achievement regarded as a challenge to be overcome.
  26. (football-most codes) The crossbar
    • 2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC‎:
      Composed play then saw Sam Ricketts nutmeg Ashley Cole before Taylor whipped a fine curling effort over Petr Cech's bar.
  27. (backgammon) The central divider between the inner and outer table of a backgammon board, where stones are placed if they are hit.
  28. An addition to a military medal, on account of a subsequent act
  29. A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water.
  30. (geography, nautical, hydrology) A ridge or succession of ridges of sand or other substance, especially a formation extending across the mouth of a river or harbor or off a beach, and which may obstruct navigation. (FM 55-501).
  31. (heraldry) One of the ordinaries in heraldry; a fess.
  32. A city gate, in some British place names.
    Potter's Bar
  33. (mining) A drilling or tamping rod.
  34. (mining) A vein or dike crossing a lode.
  35. (architecture) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.
  36. (farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.
  37. (farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Descendants

See also

Verb

bar (third-person singular simple present bars, present participle barring, simple past and past participle barred)

  1. (transitive) To obstruct the passage of (someone or something).
    • 1906, Alfred Noyes, The Highwayman:
      "One kiss, my bonny sweetheart, I'm after a prize to-night,
      But I shall be back with the yellow gold before the morning light;
      Yet, if they press me sharply, and harry me through the day,
      Then look for me by moonlight,
      Watch for me by moonlight,
      I'll come to thee by moonlight, though Hell should bar the way."
    Our way was barred by a huge rockfall.
  2. (transitive) To prohibit.
    I couldn't get into the nightclub because I had been barred.
  3. (transitive) To lock or bolt with a bar.
    bar the door
  4. to imprint or paint with bars, to stripe
    • 1899, Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, section 1
      I lived in a hut in the yard, but to be out of the chaos I would sometimes get into the accountant’s office. It was built of horizontal planks, and so badly put together that, as he bent over his high desk, he was barred from neck to heels with narrow strips of sunlight.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations

Preposition

bar

  1. Except, other than, besides.
    He invited everyone to his wedding bar his ex-wife.
  2. (horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.
    Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations

References

  • The Manual of Heraldry, Fifth Edition, by Anonymous, London, 1862, online at

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined circa 1900.

Noun

bar (plural bars)

  1. A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Synonyms

Derived terms
Translations

Further reading

Anagrams

Afar

Noun

bar

  1. night

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [bɑɾ]

Adjective

bar (attributive barre, comparative barder, superlative barste)

  1. barren

References

Albanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *bara, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (compare Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug, medicine”), Lithuanian bùrti (“to conjure”)).[1] Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars- (“spike, prickle”) (compare Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno.

Noun

bar m (indefinite plural barna, definite singular bari)

  1. grass (plant)
  2. herb, herbaceous plant
  3. (colloquial) spice
  4. medicine, medication, medicinal plant
  5. (figuratively, colloquial) cure, palliative, solution
  6. (figuratively, colloquial) marijuana, likely calque from English or French
Alternative forms
  • barë (neuter; Tosk)
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ D.Q. Adams, "Heal: *bher-", in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (London: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1997), 262.

Etymology 2

from Proto-Albanian *bara, from *bera (“to carry”) (modern bie). More at bie.

Verb

bar

  1. to carry (away), bear, endure
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Catalan

Noun

bar m (plural bars)

  1. bar (establishment)
  2. bar (unit of measure)

Cimbrian

Pronoun

bar

  1. we; us

Synonyms

References

  • “bar” in Umberto Martello Martalar, Alfonso Bellotto, Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Setti Communi vicentini, 1st edition, 1974.

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bar/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.[1]

Noun

bar m

  1. bar (a business selling beverages)
  2. bar (the counter of such a premises)
  3. bar (a cabinet used to store alcoholic drinks in a private house or a hotel room)
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowing from modern European languages, originally coined based on Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).[2]

Noun

bar m

  1. bar, a non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals
Declension

References

  1. ↑ bar¹ in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
  2. ↑ bar² in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading

  • bar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • bar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin bibere, present active infinitive of bibō. Compare Italian bere, Romanian bea.

Verb

bar (second-person plural present baite)

  1. to drink

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /baːr/, [b̥ɑːˀ]
  • Rhymes: -aːˀr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berr (“bare”). Compare Old English bær.

Adjective

bar

  1. bare, naked
  2. sheer, pure
Inflection
Inflection of bar
Positive Comparative Superlative
Common singular bar — —2
Neuter singular bart — —2
Plural bare — —2
Definite attributive1 bare — —
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar c (singular definite baren, plural indefinite barer)

  1. bar (business licensed to sell intoxicating beverages, counter of such a premises)
Inflection

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar c (plural indefinite bar)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)

Etymology 4

See etymology on the main entry.

Verb

bar

  1. past tense of bære

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ɑr
  • IPA(key): /bɑr/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (plural bars, diminutive barretje n)

  1. bar, counter, drink cabinet
  2. bar, pub
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Cognate with English barren.

Adjective

bar (comparative barder, superlative barst)

  1. harsh, tough (used mainly with koude (“cold”), or omstandigheden (“conditions”))
  2. barren, inhospitable, bare
  3. crude, grim, unfriendly
Inflection
Inflection of bar
uninflected bar
inflected barre
comparative barder
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial barbarderhet barst
het barste
indefinite m./f. sing. barrebarderebarste
n. sing. barbarderbarste
plural barrebarderebarste
definite barrebarderebarste
partitive barsbarders—

Adverb

bar

  1. extremely (only in a negative sense)

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined c. 1900.

Noun

bar

  1. bar: a unit of pressure, equal to 100,000 pascals
Derived terms

References

  • M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

Faroese

Verb

bar

  1. he, it bore, carried:: 1st and 3rd person singular past tense form of bera (“to bear, to carry”)

Conjugation

Derived terms

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /baʁ/
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -aʁ

Noun

bar m (plural bars)

  1. A bar (establishment)
  2. A bar (counter)
  3. A bass (fish)

Further reading

Galician

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (plural bares)

  1. bar, pub

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bar and this from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar m (plural bares)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)

German

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -aːɐ̯

Adjective

bar (not comparable)

  1. bare

Declension

Adverb

bar

  1. in cash
  2. pure

Preposition

bar

  1. (+genitive) without

Synonyms

Gothic

Romanization

bar

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /paːr/
  • Rhymes: -aːr

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar (1), from Old French barre.

Noun

bar m (genitive singular bars, nominative plural barir)

  1. bar (establishment offering alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises)
  2. bar (counter at which such beverages are sold or offered)
  3. (by extension) a counter where a buffet or a specialized kind of food is offered
Declension

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bar (2), from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar n (genitive singular bars, nominative plural bör)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)
Declension

Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from English bar, from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar m (genitive singular bair, nominative plural bair)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)

Declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bar bhar mbar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • "bar" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “bar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (plural bar)

  1. bar (place serving drinks)
    C'è un bar qui vicino? ― Is there a bar nearby?
  2. café

Derived terms

Kashmiri

Noun

bar

  1. a door

Kurdish

Etymology

Related to Persian بار‎ (bâr).

Noun

bar m

  1. burden (a heavy load)


This Kurdish entry was created from the translations listed at burden. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see bar in the Kurdish Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) October 2009

Latvian

Verb

bar

  1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of bārt
  2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of bārt
  3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of bārt
  4. 2nd person singular imperative form of bārt
  5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of bārt
  6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of bārt

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berr and Old Danish bar.

Adjective

bar (neuter singular bart, definite singular and plural bare, comparative barere, indefinite superlative barest, definite superlative bareste)

  1. bare, naked
    • 2014, "Ikke provosèr ham", by Inger Torill Jørgensen, eBokNorden AS →ISBN
      Han kom tettere inn til henne, la armen rundt ryggen hennes og bøyet hodet sitt ned mot hennes bare skulder, kysset den.
      He came closer to her, put his arm around her back and bowed his head down to her bare shoulder, and kissed it.
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (definite singular baren, indefinite plural barer, definite plural barene)

  1. a bar (place where alcohol is served)
  2. a bar (sandbank at the mouth of a river or harbour)

Etymology 3

Verb

bar

  1. simple past of bære

References

  • “bar” in The Bokmål Dictionary. (adjective on page 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɑːr/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (definite singular baren, indefinite plural barar, definite plural barane)

  1. a bar (place where alcohol is served)
  2. a bar (sandbank at the mouth of a river or harbour)

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined circa 1900.

Noun

bar m (definite singular baren, indefinite plural barar, definite plural barane)

  1. bar (a non-SI unit of pressure)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Old Norse barr.

Noun

bar n (definite singular baret, uncountable)

  1. the needles of the conifers, twigs and branches of conifers
    • 1860, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, "Vaaren":
      Derfor eg fann millom Bjørkar og Bar i Vaaren ei Gaata […]
      Therefore I found, between the birches and conifers, in spring a riddle […]
Derived terms
  • barskog
  • granbar

Etymology 4

Verb

bar

  1. past tense of bera

References

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bairaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɑːr/, [ˈbɑːrˠ]

Noun

bār m

  1. boar

Declension

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bazaz, whence also Old English bær, Old Norse berr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bar/

Adjective

bar

  1. bare

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bazaz, whence also Old English bær, Old Norse berr.

Adjective

bār

  1. bare

Declension


Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse *barr (Old West Norse berr), from Proto-Germanic *bazaz.

Adjective

bar

  1. bare

Declension

Descendants

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bar/
  • audio(file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m inan

  1. bar, luncheon bar, buffet
  2. bar (a long table or counter where drinks are served)
Declension
Derived terms
  • barowy

Etymology 2

From Latin barium.

Noun

Chemical element
Ba Previous: cez (Cs)
Next: lantan (La)

bar m inan

  1. barium
Declension

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), probably borrowed via science literature in another European language.

Noun

bar m inan

  1. bar (unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals)
Declension

Further reading

  • bar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾ/
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈbaʁ/
    • (Caipira) IPA(key): [ˈbaɹ], [ˈbaɻ]
    • (South Brazil) IPA(key): [ˈbaɻ], [ˈbaɾ]
    • (Carioca) IPA(key): [ˈbaχ]
    • (Nordestino) IPA(key): [ˈbah]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (plural bares)

  1. pub; bar (establishment that serves alcoholic beverages primarily)

Etymology 2

Originally from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar m (plural bars)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)

Romani

Noun

bar f (plural bara)

  1. garden
  2. fence

bar m (plural bar)

  1. stone

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bâːr/.

Noun

bȃr m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑р)

  1. public house, bar
Declension

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined circa 1900.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bâːr/

Noun

bȃr m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑р)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)
Declension

Etymology 3

Clipping of bàrem.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bâr/

Adverb

bȁr (Cyrillic spelling ба̏р)

  1. at least

References

  • “bar” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “bar” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “bar” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Somali

Verb

bar

  1. Alternative spelling of baro

Spanish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English bar.

Noun

bar m (plural bares)

  1. bar, pub

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bar and this from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar m (plural bares)

  1. bar (unit of pressure)

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish bar, from Old Norse *barr (Old West Norse berr), from Proto-Germanic *bazaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰos- (“bare, barefoot”). Cognate with English bare. See Old English bær.[1]

Adjective

bar (comparative barare, superlative barast)

  1. bare, uncovered; not covered by e.g. clothes (about people), fur (about certain animals) or a snow cover (about the ground)
Declension
Inflection of bar
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular bar barare barast
Neuter singular bart barare barast
Plural bara barare barast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 bare barare baraste
All bara barare baraste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.

Etymology 2

See bära.

Verb

bar

  1. past tense of bära.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English bar.[1]

Noun

bar c

  1. a bar, pub; place where mainly alcoholic drinks are served.
  2. a (bar) counter
Declension
Declension of bar 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bar baren barer barerna
Genitive bars barens barers barernas

Etymology 4

Originally from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”).

Noun

bar c

  1. A bar; a unit of pressure

References

  1. 1 2 bar in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Armenian պար (par, “dance”).

Noun

bar (definite accusative barı, plural barlar)

  1. (dialectal) dance, round dance

Declension

Inflection
Nominative bar
Definite accusative barı
Singular Plural
Nominative bar barlar
Definite accusative barı barları
Dative bara barlara
Locative barda barlarda
Ablative bardan barlardan
Genitive barın barların

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “պար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • “bar”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Wakhi

Etymology

From *dvar, related to Tajik дар (dar).

Noun

bar

  1. door

Zazaki

Etymology

Related to Persian بار‎ (bâr).

Noun

bar ?

  1. load
  2. burden
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