被

被 U+88AB, 被
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88AB
← 袪
[U+88AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 袬 →
[U+88AC]

Translingual

Han character

被 (radical 145 衣+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中木竹水 (LDHE), four-corner 34247, composition ⿰衤皮)

References

  • KangXi: page 1115, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34222
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1580, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3085, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+88AB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 被

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陂 *pral, *prals
詖 *pral, *prals
彼 *pralʔ
柀 *pralʔ
佊 *pralʔ, *prals
貱 *prals
跛 *prals, *paːlʔ
披 *pʰral, *pʰralʔ
鈹 *pʰral
帔 *pʰral, *pʰrals
鮍 *pʰral
耚 *pʰral
狓 *pʰral
翍 *pʰral
旇 *pʰral, *brals
秛 *pʰral, *pʰrals
紴 *pʰralʔ, *paːl
皮 *bral
疲 *bral
被 *bralʔ, *brals
髲 *brals
鞁 *brals
骳 *mbralʔ
波 *paːl
碆 *paːl, *baːl
菠 *paːl
簸 *paːlʔ, *paːls
駊 *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
頗 *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡 *pʰaːl
玻 *pʰaːl
破 *pʰaːls
婆 *baːl
蔢 *baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bralʔ, *brals) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Pronunciation 1

Note: colloquial reading.
Note: colloquial reading.
Note: colloquial reading.
Note: colloquial reading.
Note: colloquial reading.
Rime
Character 被
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 皮彼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bˠiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bᵚiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bjiə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /bjeX/
Wang
Li		 /bǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 被 被
Reading # 1/4 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjeX › ‹ bjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/ /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English coverlet cover (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 被
Reading # 1/2
No. 9713
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 被
Old
Chinese		 /*bralʔ/

Definitions

被

  1. bedding; quilt; blanket (Classifier: 張／张)
    被子  ―  bèizi  ―  quilt
    被褥  ―  bèirù  ―  bedding, bedclothes
    墊被 / 垫被  ―  diànbèi  ―  mattress
  2. † to cover

Pronunciation 2

Note: literary reading.
Note: literary reading.
Note: literary reading.
Note: literary reading.
Note: literary reading.
Rime
Character 被
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 皮彼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bˠiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bᵚiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bjiə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /bjeX/
Wang
Li		 /bǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 被 被
Reading # 1/4 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjeX › ‹ bjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/ /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English coverlet cover (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 被
Reading # 1/2
No. 9713
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 被
Old
Chinese		 /*bralʔ/

Definitions

被

  1. † to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune, etc.)
  2. by
    我被蚊子咬了。  ―  Wǒ bèi wénzi yǎo le.  ―  I got bitten by mosquitoes.
  3. Used before a verb to indicate passive voice.
    我的錶被偷了。 / 我的表被偷了。  ―  Wǒ de biǎo bèi tōu le.  ―  My watch has been stolen.
  4. (neologism) passively
    被自殺 / 被自杀  ―  bèi zìshā  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    被就業 / 被就业  ―  bèi jiùyè  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  5. A surname​.
Usage notes
  • In a passive-voice sentence, 被 is placed after the subject and before the doer of the action. The doer of the action is placed before the verb or can be omitted.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by; passive marker”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 被
Mandarin Beijing 讓、叫、給
Taiwan 讓、叫、給
Jinan 叫、讓
Xi'an 叫
Wuhan 把得
Chengdu 遭、叫
Yangzhou 給、把
Hefei 給、叫
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Taishan 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Gan Nanchang 讓、等
Hakka Meixian 分
Xingning 分
Huidong 分
Qujiang 分
Xiaosanjiang 分
Changting 得
Pingyu 得
Wuping 得
Liancheng 給
Ninghua 分
Ruijin 得
Shicheng 得
Shangyou 討
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Liudui (S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu (Hailu) 分
Dongshi (Dabu) 分
Zhuolan (Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 得
Jin Taiyuan 叫、給
Min Bei Jian'ou 吶
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞
Min Nan Xiamen 予、乞
Quanzhou 予、乞
Zhangzhou 予、乞
Taipei 予
Kaohsiung 予
Tainan 予
Taichung 予
Hsinchu 予
Lukang 予
Sanxia 予
Yilan 予
Kinmen 予
Magong 予
Chaozhou 分、乞
Wu Suzhou 撥、撥勒
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 聽、撈、讓、被
Shuangfeng 耗

Pronunciation 3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 被
Reading # 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phje ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mə-pʰ(r)aj/
English cover oneself with

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

被

  1. Alternative form of 披 (pī, “to cover oneself”).

Pronunciation 4

Rime
Character 被
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 平義切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bjiə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /bjeH/
Wang
Li		 /bǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bì
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 被
Reading # 2/2
No. 9715
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 髲
Old
Chinese		 /*brals/

Definitions

被

  1. Alternative form of 髲 (“wig”).
  2. Alternative form of 彼 (bǐ, “that”).

Pronunciation 5

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 被
Reading # 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰ(r)aj-s/
English cloak

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

被

  1. Alternative form of 帔.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

被

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
被
ひ
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 被 (bjeH, “to cover”), from the term's use in Chinese as a passive marker.

Pronunciation

Prefix

被 (hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi-)

  1. -ed, -ee (marks the passive recipient of an action)
    被 (ひ)傭 (よう)者 (しゃ)
    hiyōsha
    employee
    被 (ひ)験 (けん)者 (しゃ)
    hikensha
    examinee
    被 (ひ)減 (げん)数 (すう)
    higensū
    minuend (number which is reduced)
    被 (ひ)保護国 (ほごこく)
    hihogokoku
    protectorate (protected nation)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
被
おおい
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 被う (ōu, “to cover”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

被 (hiragana おおい, rōmaji ōi, historical hiragana おほい)

  1. a covering
  2. the act of covering something
  3. (by extension) a protector or patron

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

被 • (pi) (hangeul 피, revised pi, McCune–Reischauer p'i, Yale phi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

被 (bị, bệ, bỡ, bự, bợ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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