燕雀安知鴻鵠志
See also: 燕雀安知鸿鹄志
Chinese
FWOTD – 9 January 2017
a bramble finch; brambling how to know; to be aware big bird; swan; person with lofty aspirations the will trad. (燕雀安知鴻鵠志) 燕雀 安 知 鴻鵠 志 simp. (燕雀安知鸿鹄志) 燕雀 安 知 鸿鹄 志
Etymology
From Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian:
陳涉少時，嘗與人傭耕，輟耕之壟上，悵恨久之，曰：「苟富貴，無相忘。」庸者笑而應曰：「若為庸耕，何富貴也？」陳涉太息曰：「嗟乎，燕雀安知鴻鵠之志哉！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”庸者笑而应曰：“若为庸耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎，燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]Chén Shè shàoshí, cháng yǔ rén yōnggēng, chuò gēng zhī lǒng shàng, chànghèn jiǔzhī, yuē: “Gǒu fùguì, wú xiàng wàng.” Yōng zhě xiào ér yìng yuē: “Ruò wèi yōng gēng, hé fùguì yě?” Chén Shè tàixī yuē: “Jiēhū, yànquè ān zhī hónghú zhī zhì zāi!” [Pinyin] When Chen She was young, he worked in the fields with other day laborers. One day, he stopped working and climbed to the top of a hill. He was sullen for quite some time, then said, "If I become rich, I will not forget you all." The other workers laughed, and responded, "You're a day labourer, what riches?" Chen She sighed, and said, "Alas, how can a little songbird understand the ambitions of a grand swan!"
陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”庸者笑而应曰：“若为庸耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎，燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄢ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄓˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yannchiueh an jy hongrhwu jyh
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰɥ̯œ⁵¹ ˀa̠n⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jin3 zoek3 on1 zi1 hung4 huk6 zi3
- Yale: yin jeuk ōn jī hùhng huhk ji
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3 dzoek8 on1 dzi1 hung4 huk9 dzi3
- Guangdong Romanization: yin3 zêg3 on1 ji1 hung4 hug6 ji3
- IPA (key): /jiːn³³ t͡ɕœːk̚³ ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ hʊk̚² t͡siː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
| Rime | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 燕 | 雀 | 安 | 知 | 鴻 | 鵠 | 志 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 精 (13) | 影 (34) | 知 (9) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 藥 (107) | 寒 (61) | 支 (11) | 東 (1) | 沃 (6) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III | I | III | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 於甸切 | 即略切 | 烏寒切 | 陟移切 | 戸公切 | 胡沃切 | 職吏切 |
| Reconstructions | |||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔenH/ | /t͡sɨɐk̚/ | /ʔɑn/ | /ʈiᴇ/ | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɦuok̚/ | /t͡ɕɨH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔenH/ | /t͡siɐk̚/ | /ʔɑn/ | /ʈiɛ/ | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɦuok̚/ | /t͡ɕɨH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔɛnH/ | /t͡siɑk̚/ | /ʔɑn/ | /ȶjɛ/ | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɣok̚/ | /t͡ɕieH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɛnH/ | /t͡sɨak̚/ | /ʔan/ | /ʈiə̆/ | /ɦəwŋ/ | /ɦawk̚/ | /cɨH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔenH/ | /t͡siak̚/ | /ʔɑn/ | /ȶie/ | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɣok̚/ | /t͡ɕiəH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ienH/ | /t͡sĭak̚/ | /ɑn/ | /ȶǐe/ | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɣuok̚/ | /t͡ɕĭəH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔienH/ | /t͡si̯ak̚/ | /ʔɑn/ | /ȶie̯/ | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɣuok̚/ | /t͡ɕiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yàn | jue | ān | zh- | hóng | hú | zhì |
Proverb
燕雀安知鴻鵠志
- How can an ordinary person understand the ambitions of a great person?
- 至夜分，縣令喚親隨人暗地取出曹操，且至後院中審究；問曰：「我聞丞相待汝不薄，何故自取其禍？」操曰：「『燕雀安知鴻鵠志哉』？汝既拏住我，便當解去請賞。何必多問！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
至夜分，县令唤亲随人暗地取出曹操，且至后院中审究；问曰：“我闻丞相待汝不薄，何故自取其祸？”操曰：“‘燕雀安知鸿鹄志哉’？汝既拿住我，便当解去请赏。何必多问！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Zhì yèfēn, xiànlìng huàn qīnsuí rén àndì qǔ chū Cáo Cāo, qiě zhì hòuyuàn zhōng shěnjiū; wèn yuē: “Wǒ wén chéngxiàng dài rǔ bùbó, hégù zìqǔqíhuò?” Cāo yuē: “‘Yànquè ān zhī hónghú zhì zāi’? Rǔ jì ná zhù wǒ, biàndang jiě qù qǐngshǎng. Hébì duō wèn!” [Pinyin]
- At midnight, the county governor ordered his personal aides to discreetly escort Cao Cao to the rear courtyard for questioning; he asked, "I have heard that the chancellor treats you very well, so why have you brought such trouble upon yourself?" Cao said, "'How can a little songbird understand the ambitions of a grand swan?' You have captured me, and now you can leisurely turn me over to the authorities and collect your reward. Why ask more questions!"
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