精

精 U+7CBE, 精
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE
← 粽
[U+7CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 →
[U+7CBF]
精 U+FA1D, 精
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D
← 靖
[U+FA1C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 羽 →
[U+FA1E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

精 (radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

Derived characters

  • 𡁔, 𪇒, 𦾿, 𧓔 (Contains 青)
  • 𭨇 (Contains 靑)

References

  • KangXi: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 精

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • zing1 - literary;
  • zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
Note:
  • cĭng - literary;
  • ciăng - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiann / tsinn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, cviaf, cvy
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiã³³/, /t͡ɕĩ³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Note:
  • cheng - literary;
  • chiaⁿ, chiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • zêng1 - literary;
  • zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
Rime
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子盈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 精
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjeng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tseŋ/
English fine rice; pure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
No. 11327
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋ/

Definitions

精

  1. polished rice
  2. essence; energy
  3. spirit; energy; vigour
  4. seminal fluid; semen
  5. spirit; soul
  6. essence; concentrate
  7. demon; goblin
  8. (dialectal, of meat) lean
  9. fine; refined
  10. pure; unmixed
  11. concentrated; sincere
  12. clear; bright
  13. exquisite; profound
  14. extremely; very
  15. to be proficient; to be expert at
  16. to expose; to be bare
  17. (Cantonese) smart; clever
  18. Alternative form of 睛 (level tone)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 精
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 精液
Mandarin Beijing 㞞
Harbin 㞞
Jinan 㞞
Muping 㞞
Luoyang 㞞
Jiedian 㞞
Xi'an 㞞
Xining 㞞
Xuzhou 㞞
Yinchuan 㞞
Ürümqi 㞞
Wuhan 漿
Chengdu 精水、精液、頭兒油、化豬油、豬油
Guiyang 精水
Liuzhou 精水
Yangzhou 㞞
Nanjing 㞞
Cantonese Hong Kong 精液、精
Dongguan 精液
Kuala Lumpur 精液
Gan Lichuan 精
Hakka Meixian 膦屎
Yudu 卵屎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膦屎
Liudui (S. Sixian) 膦屎
Hsinchu (Hailu) 膦屎
Dongshi (Dabu) 膦屎
Zhuolan (Raoping) 膦屎
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 漦
Hong Kong 膦屎
Senai 膦屎
Huizhou Shexian 㞞
Tunxi 精、㞞
Jixi 㞞、鳥漿
Jin Xinzhou 㞞、㞞糊子
Min Dong Fuzhou 精
Min Nan Xiamen 潲
Quanzhou 潲
Zhangzhou 潲
Taipei 潲
Kaohsiung 潲
Tainan 潲
Taichung 潲
Wuqi 潲
Hsinchu 潲
Taitung 精
Lukang 潲
Yilan 潲
Magong 潲
Penang 潲
Haifeng 潲
Johor Bahru 精
Haikou 精
Pinghua Nanning 精、𨳍水
Wu Shanghai 精、白脫油、白脫
Suzhou 精
Hangzhou 㞞、陽水
Wenzhou 頹漿
Chongming 㞞
Danyang 㞞
Jinhua 㞞
Ningbo 卵漿、漿水
Xiang Changsha 卵漿、精子
Loudi 卵水、水、漿

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子姓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jìng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
No. 11337
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions

精

  1. strong

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine”).
(This character, 精, is a variant form of 晴.)

Japanese

Kanji

精

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. essence

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
精
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

Pronunciation

Adjective

精 (-na inflection, hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. detailed, conscientious
  2. pure, refined
Inflection

Noun

精 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. polishing, refining
  2. care, conscientiousness
  3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
  4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
  5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
  6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
  7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
  8. semen
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
精
しらげ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

Pronunciation

Noun

精 (hiragana しらげ, rōmaji shirage)

  1. rice polishing, rice milling
  2. polished or milled rice
  3. excellence
Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

精 (tinh, tênh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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