烏

See also: 鳥 and 乌
烏 U+70CF, 烏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70CF
← 烎
[U+70CE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 烐 →
[U+70D0]

Translingual

Han character

A black crow

烏 (radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 27327)

Synonyms

References

  • KangXi: page 670, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2202, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+70CF

Chinese

trad. 烏
simp. 乌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 烏
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (烏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烏 *qaː
嗚 *qaː
鰞 *qaː
歍 *qaː
鎢 *qaː
瑦 *qaː, *qaːʔ
鄔 *qaː, *qaːʔ, *qas
螐 *qaː
隖 *qaːʔ
塢 *qaːʔ, *qaːs
溩 *qaːʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development.

Etymology

crow
Onomatopoeic (*qaː). Cognate with 鴉 (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa).
black, dark
Generalized from crow – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black as ink”).
Interrogative pronoun
Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:
  • 焉 (OC *qran, *ɢan, *qan)
  • 惡 (OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ)
  • 安 (OC *qaːn)

Pronunciation

Note: "wù" - only used in 烏拉／乌拉 (wùlā).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 烏
Mandarin Beijing /u⁵⁵/
Harbin /u⁴⁴/
Tianjin /u²¹/
Jinan /u²¹³/
Qingdao /vu²¹³/
Zhengzhou /u²⁴/
Xi'an /u²¹/
Xining /v̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /vu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /vu³¹/
Ürümqi /vu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /u⁵⁵/
Chengdu /u⁵⁵/
Guiyang /u⁵⁵/
Kunming /u⁴⁴/
Nanjing /u³¹/
Hefei /u²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /vu¹¹/
Pingyao /u¹³/
Hohhot /vu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /u⁵³/
Suzhou /əu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔu³³/
Wenzhou /v̠u³³/
Hui Shexian /u³¹/
Tunxi /u¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /u³³/
Xiangtan /u³³/
Gan Nanchang /u⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /vu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /vu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wu⁵³/
Nanning /wu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ɔ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /u⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /u⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ou³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /u²³/
/ɔu²³/
Rime
Character 烏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 哀都切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ʔo/
Wang
Li		 /u/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 烏 烏 烏
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wū wū wū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ʔ]ˤa/ /*qˤa/ /*ʔˤa/
English oh! crow, raven; black 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 烏
Reading # 1/1
No. 13077
Phonetic
component		 烏
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 烏
Old
Chinese		 /*qaː/

Definitions

烏

  1. crow; raven; rook
  2. † sun
  3. (literary or Hakka, Min) black; dark
  4. † to dye black
  5. † An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including “how”, “why”, “where”, etc.
  6. † no; not
  7. A surname​.

See also

Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 黑、烏、青、皂、黔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 黑
Mandarin Beijing 黑
Taiwan 黑
Tianjin 黑
Jinan 黑
Xi'an 黑
Wuhan 黑、烏、青
Chengdu 黑、青
Yangzhou 黑
Hefei 黑
Cantonese Guangzhou 黑
Hong Kong 黑
Yangjiang 黑
Gan Nanchang 黑、烏、青
Hakka Meixian 烏
Jin Taiyuan 黑
Min Bei Jian'ou 烏、青
Min Dong Fuzhou 烏、青
Min Nan Xiamen 烏
Quanzhou 烏
Zhangzhou 烏
Taipei 烏
Chaozhou 烏
Wu Shanghai 黑
Suzhou 黑
Wenzhou 黑、烏、青
Xiang Changsha 黑、青
Shuangfeng 黑、青

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

烏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds

Alternative forms

  • 鴉 (less common)

Etymology

烏 (karasu): a raven, a raven.

Compound of から (kara, “caw”, onomatopoeia) +‎ す (su, “bird”, ancient suffix appearing in certain bird names, possibly cognate with Korean 새 (sae, “bird”)).[1] Compare the す (su) in 鶯 (uguisu), 杜鵑 (hototogisu), モズ (mozu).

Pronunciation

Noun

烏 (hiragana からす, katakana カラス, rōmaji karasu)

  1. a crow or a raven

Usage notes

This is the most common reading for this character when used in isolation in modern Japanese.

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as カラス.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Kikai

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Kanji

烏 (hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)

Noun

烏 (hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)

  1. crow, raven

Korean

Hanja

烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami-Oshima

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Kanji

烏 (hiragana からすぃ, romaji karasi)

Noun

烏 (hiragana からすぃ, romaji karasi)

  1. crow, raven

Oki-No-Erabu

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Kanji

烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

Noun

烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

  1. crow, raven

Okinawan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Kanji

烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

Noun

烏 (hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

  1. crow, raven

Vietnamese

Han character

烏 (ô, o, dặng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Kanji

烏 (hiragana がらち, romaji garachi)

Noun

烏 (hiragana がらち, romaji garachi)

  1. crow, raven
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.