汝
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Translingual
Han character
汝 (radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 34140, composition ⿰氵女)
Derived characters
- 𠲤, 𫺈, 𢬨, 𪰤, 𫃤, 𨀾, 𣽮, 𦭰, 𪡑, 𫺋, 㖳
References
- KangXi: page 606, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
- Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1555, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6C5D
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
汝 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 女 “you” 你 Min “you” (colloquial) | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njaʔ) : semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas).
Etymology
- river
- Probably related to Proto-Kam-Sui *Ɂnjaᴬ (“river”), whence Southern Kam nyal (“river”), Sui qnyal (Schuessler, 2007).
- “you”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
汝
- (～水, ～河) Ru River, a northern tributary of the Huai River in modern-day southern Henan province. The name also refers to the Hong River in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
- (literary or coastal Min) you (second-person pronoun)
- 子貢問曰：「賜也何如？」子曰：「女器也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Cì yě hérú?” Zǐ yuē: “Rǔ qì yě.” [Pinyin]
- Zigong asked, "What do you say of Ci [Zigong's given name]?" The Master said, "You are a utensil."
子贡问曰：“赐也何如？”子曰：“女器也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- A surname.
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 汝、爾 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 你 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 你、您 |
| Jinan | 你 | |
| Xi'an | 你 | |
| Wuhan | 你、你家 | |
| Chengdu | 你 | |
| Yangzhou | 你 | |
| Hefei | 你 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 你 |
| Hong Kong | 你 | |
| Taishan | 你 | |
| Yangjiang | 你 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 你 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 你 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 你 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 你 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 你 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 你 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 你 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 你 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 你 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 你 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 汝 |
| Matsu | 汝 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 汝 |
| Quanzhou | 汝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 汝 | |
| Taipei | 汝 | |
| Kaohsiung | 汝 | |
| Tainan | 汝 | |
| Taichung | 汝 | |
| Hsinchu | 汝 | |
| Lukang | 汝 | |
| Sanxia | 汝 | |
| Yilan | 汝 | |
| Kinmen | 汝 | |
| Magong | 汝 | |
| Penang | 汝 | |
| Singapore | 汝 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 汝 | |
| Chaozhou | 汝 | |
| Shantou | 汝 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 儂 |
| Suzhou | 倷 | |
| Wenzhou | 你 | |
| Ningbo | 儂、爾、爾儂、像儂、像爾 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 你 |
| Shuangfeng | 你 | |
Compounds
|
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| い Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1][2] Possibly cognate with Korean 이 (i, “this person”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
- (derogatory) second person pronoun: you
- 712: Kojiki (page 156)
- 大久米命二人、召兄宇迦斯罵詈云、伊賀此二字以音所作仕奉於大殿内者、意禮此二字以音先入、明白其將爲仕奉之状而[...]
- 712: Kojiki (page 156)
Usage notes
Takes the particle が.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| まし Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (masu, “to be”, honorific).[1]
Alternatively, a shortening of imashi[1][2] (see below).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
- (obsolete, informal) second person pronoun: you
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
- 許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 一云 麻之毛安礼母
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
Usage notes
Less honorific than both mashi and imashi.
Derived terms
- 汝 (imashi)
- 汝 (mimashi)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| いまし Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”, honorific).[1]
Possibly also analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i, “you”) + 坐 (mashi, “presence; being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
汝 (hiragana いまし, rōmaji imashi)
- (obsolete, polite) second person pronoun: you
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2517)
- 足千根乃 母尓障良婆 無用 伊麻思毛吾毛 事應成
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3359)
- 駿河能宇美 於思敝尓於布流 波麻都豆良 伊麻思乎多能美 波播尓多我比奴 一云 於夜尓多我比奴
- 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #29)
- 朕子伊末之仁授給
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2517)
Usage notes
More honorific than mashi. Less honorific than mimashi.
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| みまし Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
Compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) + 汝 (mashi, “you”).[1] Also analyzable as a shift in meaning of 御座 (mimashi), an honorific term of address or reference used for nobility.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
汝 (hiragana みまし, rōmaji mimashi)
- (obsolete, honorific) second person pronoun: you
- 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #5)
- 藤原宮爾天下所知美麻斯乃父止坐天皇乃美麻斯爾賜志天下之業止詔大命乎聞食恐美受賜懼理坐事乎衆聞食宣。可久賜時爾美麻斯王乃齡乃弱爾[...]吾子美麻斯王爾授賜[...]
- 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #51)
- 美末斯大臣乃萬政總以<...> 彌麻之大臣之家内子等乎母<...>美麻之大臣乃罷道母[...]
- 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #52)
- 大命坐詔久美麻斯大臣乃仕奉來狀波[...]
- 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #5)
Usage notes
More honorific than both mashi and imashi.
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| な Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Korean 너 (neo, “you”, second-person singular informal pronoun).
Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled 己 when used in isolation.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 나 (na, “I”, first-person singular informal pronoun).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Pronoun
- (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
- 712: Kojiki (poem #5)
- 夜知富許能 加微能美許登夜 阿賀淤富久迩奴斯 那許曾波 遠迩伊麻世婆 宇知微流 斯麻能佐岐邪岐 加岐微流 伊蘇能佐岐淤知受和加久佐能 都麻母多勢良米 阿波母與 賣迩斯阿禮婆 那遠岐弖遠波那志 那遠岐弖 都麻波那斯 [...]
- 720: Nihon Shoki (poem #90)
- 飫裒枳瀰能 耶陛能矩瀰哿枳 哿哿梅騰謀 儺嗚阿摩之耳彌 哿哿農倶彌柯枳
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3353)
- 阿良多麻能 伎倍乃波也之尓 奈乎多弖天 由伎可都麻思自 移乎佐伎太多尼
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)
- 夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米
- c. 920: Azuma Asobi Uta (#2)
- 衣 和賀世古加 介左乃古止天者 奈奈川乎乃 也川乎乃古止乎 之良部 太留古止也 奈乎加介也末乃 可川乃介也 乎々々々
- 712: Kojiki (poem #5)
- (obsolete) first person pronoun: I
- (obsolete) self-referential pronoun: one, oneself
Derived terms
Etymology 6
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| なれ Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. The long form of 汝 (na) above. Compound of 汝 (na) and suffix れ (re).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
- (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
- 許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 一云 麻之毛安礼母
- c. 913 Kokin Wakashū (#904)
- ちはやぶる宇治のはしもり なれをしぞあはれとは思ふ 年のへぬれば
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
Etymology 7
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| なむち Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 汝 (na, “you”) + 貴 (muchi, “noble”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
汝 (hiragana なむち, rōmaji namuchi)
- (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
Etymology 8
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| なむぢ Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
/namuti/ → /namudi/ → /namud͡ʑi/
From earlier なむち (namuchi). Final voicing due to influence of medial voiced /m/.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
汝 (hiragana なむじ, rōmaji namuji, historical hiragana なむぢ)
- (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
- 大納言わらゐて、「なむぢらが君の使と名を流しつ。君の仰ごとをば、いかが背くべき」との給て [...]
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
- 大納言起きゐてのたまはく、「汝（なむぢ）らよくもて來ずなりぬ。龍は鳴る神のるいにこそありけれ。[...]」
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
Etymology 9
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 汝 |
| なんじ Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
/namuti/ → /namudi/ → /nandi/ → /nand͡ʑi/
From earlier なむぢ (namudi).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Pronoun
汝 (hiragana なんじ, rōmaji nanji, historical hiragana なんぢ)
- (archaic) second person pronoun: you
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
- 「汝（なんぢ）が持ちて侍るかぐや姫たてまつれ。」
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
- いはく、「汝（なんぢ）、おさなき人、いささかなる功徳を翁つくりけるによりて、汝（なんぢ）が助けにとて、かた時のほどとて下ししを[...]」
- c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
References
- Horiuchi, Hideaki; Akiyama Ken (1997) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 17: Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Kurano, Kenji (1936) Shoku Nihongi Senmyō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Kurano, Kenji; Yūkichi Takeda (1958) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Kojiki, Norito, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Saeki, Umetomo (1958) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 8: Kokin Wakashū (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Sakakura, Atsuyoshi; Yūichi Ōtsu; Hiroshi Tsukishima; Toshiko Abe; Imai Gen'e (1957) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 9: Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Yamato Monogatari (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN.
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
- 1957, Yutaka Tsuchihashi, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Kodai Kayōshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
汝 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
汝 (nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.