雷

雷 U+96F7, 雷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F7
← 零
[U+96F6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雸 →
[U+96F8]

Translingual

Han character

雷 (radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田 (MBW), four-corner 10603, composition ⿱⻗田)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1372, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42245
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1881, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4060, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96F7

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 雷
alt. forms
 
𩇓
𤴐
𩂩
𤳳
䨓
𩄣
靁
㗊
𤴑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摞 *roːl, *roːls
騾 *roːl
螺 *roːl
蔂 *roːl, *rul
虆 *roːl, *rul
瘰 *roːlʔ
礌 *ruːl, *ruːls
雷 *ruːl
擂 *ruːl, *ruːls
攂 *ruːl, *ruːls
礧 *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃 *ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘 *ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳 *ruːl
畾 *ruːl
轠 *ruːl, *rulʔ
罍 *ruːl
蕾 *ruːlʔ
癗 *ruːlʔ
磥 *ruːlʔ
累 *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽 *ruːls, *rul
樏 *rolʔ, *rul
鸓 *rul, *rulʔ
嫘 *rul
纍 *rul, *ruls
欙 *rul
纝 *rul
壘 *rulʔ
櫐 *rulʔ
蘽 *rulʔ
藟 *rulʔ
讄 *rulʔ

Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ruːl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lòi - literary.
Rime
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /luʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /luoi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /luɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lwəj/
Li
Rong		 /luᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /luɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /luɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 léi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 léi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lwoj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.rˤuj/
English thunder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雷
Reading # 1/1
No. 7707
Phonetic
component		 畾
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 雷
Old
Chinese		 /*ruːl/

Definitions

雷

  1. thunder
  2. (military) mine
    • 內容有雷 / 内容有雷  ―  nèiróng yǒu léi  ―  (slang) spoilers ahead (lit. “the content has mines”)
  3. (colloquial) to astonish; to dumbfound; to amaze
  4. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

雷

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

雷 (kaminari, kannari, ikazuchi, narukami, rai): thunder and lightning.
Kanji in this term
雷
かみなり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) +‎ 鳴り (nari, “the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 鳴る naru, “to cry out, to call””).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

雷 (hiragana かみなり, rōmaji kaminari)

  1. thunder (the sound)
  2. lightning, a thunderbolt
    • 1999 February 4, “サンダー・キッズ [Thunder Kid]”, in Vol.1 (in Japanese), Konami:
      雷 (かみなり)をからだの中に蓄 (ちく)電 (でん)させている。泣 (な)かせたときは危 (き)険 (けん)。
      Kaminari o karada no naka ni chikuden saseteiru. Nakaseta toki wa kiken.
      He stores lightning inside his body. He’s very dangerous when he cries.
    • 1999 March 1, “エレキッズ [Elekid]”, in BOOSTER 1 (in Japanese), Konami:
      雷 (かみなり)攻 (こう)撃 (げき)は意 (い)外 (がい)と強 (つよ)い。甘 (あま)く見 (み)ると感 (かん)電 (でん)するぞ。
      Kaminarikōgeki wa igai to tsuyoi. Amaku miru to kanden suru zo.
      It has a surprisingly powerful lightning attack. However, its electrocution tends to be underestimated.
Usage notes

This kaminari reading is the most common reading when used as a standalone noun.

Synonyms
Idioms
  • 雷 (かみなり)が落 (お)ちる (kaminari ga ochiru): “the thunder comes down” → to be scolded severely by a superior, to be ripped a new one

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雷
かんなり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/kaminari/ → /kannari/

Shift in pronunciation from kaminari above.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

雷 (hiragana かんなり, rōmaji kannari)

  1. (rare, archaic) thunder (the sound)
  2. (rare, archaic) lightning, a thunderbolt

Proper noun

雷 (hiragana かんなり, rōmaji Kannari)

  1. (rare, archaic) short for 雷の壺 (Kaminari no Tsubo, literally “thunder pot”), one of the five buildings in the imperial palace in ancient 平安京 (Heian Kyō, “Heian-kyō”, modern-day Kyōto)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
雷
いかずち
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/ika t͡su t͡ɕi/ → /ikad͡ʑut͡ɕi/ → /ikazut͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 厳 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) +‎ つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

雷 (hiragana いかずち, rōmaji ikazuchi, historical hiragana いかづち)

  1. (rare, archaic) something ferocious and imposing, a demon or devil
  2. (rare, archaic) thunder (the sound)
  3. (rare, archaic) lightning, a thunderbolt

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雷
なるかみ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 鳴る (naru, “to cry out, to call”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 鳴る神, 鳴神

Noun

雷 (hiragana なるかみ, rōmaji narukami)

  1. (rare) thunder (the sound)
  2. (rare) lightning, a thunderbolt

Proper noun

雷 (hiragana なるかみ, rōmaji Narukami)

  1. one of the eighteen styles of kabuki
    This sense is more commonly spelled as 鳴神.

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雷
らい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雷 (luəi, “thunder”). Compare modern Mandarin reading léi, Cantonese leoi4.

Pronunciation

Noun

雷 (hiragana らい, rōmaji rai)

  1. (rare) thunder (the sound)
  2. (rare) lightning, a thunderbolt
Usage notes

Used more in compounds than on its own. As a standalone noun, the kaminari reading is the most common.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

雷 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

雷 (lôi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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