光

See also: 灮
光 U+5149, 光
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5149
← 先
[U+5148] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兊 →
[U+514A]

Translingual

Han character

光 (radical 10, 儿+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一山 (FMU), four-corner 90211, composition ⿱⺌兀)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 124, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 262, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5149

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 光
alt. forms
 
㫕
灮
炗
炚
炛
烡
𠈑
𤉭
𤎫
𤐥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 光
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j23048

j23049

j23050

j23051

j23052

j23053

j23054

j23055

j23056

j23057

j23058

j23059

j23060

j23061

j23062

Bronze inscriptions

b14861

b14862

b14863

b14864

b14865

b14866

b14867

b14868

b14869

b14870

b14871

b14872

b14873

b14874

b14875

b14876

b14877

b14878

b14879

b14880

b14881

b14882

Small seal script

s07367

Transcribed ancient scripts

L32956

L32957

L32958

L32959

L32960

L32961

L32962

L10093

L10094

L10095

L10096

L10097

L10098

L10099

L10100

L10101

L10102

L10103

L10104

L10105

L10106

L10107

L10108

L10109

L10110

L10111

L10112

L10113

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
光 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
灮 *kʷaːŋ
洸 *kʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋ
桄 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs
胱 *kʷaːŋ
垙 *kʷaːŋ
輄 *kʷaːŋ
恍 *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪 *kʷaːŋ
侊 *kʷaːŋ, *kʷraːŋ
晃 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉 *ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥 *kʷraːŋ
駫 *kʷeːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 火 (“fire”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – fire over a person's head, emphasizing the shining of light (Shuowen).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • kng/kuiⁿ - vernacular;
  • kong - literary.
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • guang1 - literary.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: kuaan (T1); kuan (T1)
      • IPA (key): /kɯɑ̃⁵³/, /kɯã⁵³/
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 光
Mandarin Beijing /kuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuaŋ²¹/ ～頭
/kuaŋ²⁴/ 副詞
Xining /kuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
/kuə¹³/ ～油油
Hohhot /kuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /kuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kuɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kaun³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /koŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kuaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ³³/
/kɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kuaŋ²³/
/kui²³/
Rime
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古黃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guāng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 光
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷˤaŋ/
English light, brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 1/2
No. 4506
Phonetic
component		 光
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷaːŋ/
Notes 灮隸變

Definitions

光

  1. light; beam; ray (Classifier: 束 m; 道 m)
  2. glory; pride
    台灣之光 / 台湾之光  ―  Táiwān zhī guāng  ―  the pride of Taiwan; someone who has brought glory to Taiwan
  3. bright
    Antonyms: 暗 (àn)
  4. shiny
  5. to make bare
  6. only
  7. Particle used after verbs to show exhaustion or completion. until none is left
    賣光了 / 卖光了  ―  mài guāng le  ―  completely sold out

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古曠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guàng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 光
Reading # 2/2
No. 4517
Phonetic
component		 光
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 桄
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷaːŋs/

Definitions

光

  1. ‡ to color

Japanese

Kanji

光

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
光
ひかり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨pi1kari⟩ → /pikari/ → /fikari/ → /hikari/

From Old Japanese.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 光り (less common)

Noun

光 (hiragana ひかり, rōmaji hikari)

  1. a physically perceived light: a light, a gleam, shining, glittering
    ダイヤモンドの光 (ひかり)
    daiyamondo no hikari
    a diamond's glitter / shine / twinkling
  2. a metaphorical light: glory, a glimmer, a gleam
    • 2007 October 20, Hiroshi, Izawa; Kotaro, Yamada, “最さい終しゅう話わ　それぞれの道みちへ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 5 (fiction, in Japanese), Jump Remix edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 353:
      タニアの光 (ひかり)ティーナ
      Tania no Hikari Tīna
      Tina, Light of Tania
    前 (ぜん)途 (と)に光 (ひかり)を失 (うしな)う
    zento ni hikari o ushinau
    to lose light regarding the future → future prospects grow dim
    解決 (かいけつ)への道 (みち)に光 (ひかり)を投 (な)げかける
    kaiketsu e no michi ni hikari o nagekakeru
    to shed light on the way to a solution
  3. (in compounds) optics
    光 (ひかり)ファイバー
    hikari faibā
    optical fiber

Proper noun

光 (hiragana ひかり, rōmaji Hikari)

  1. a place name, such as that of Hikari City in Yamaguchi Prefecture
  2. one of the bullet train services running on the Tōkaido/Sanyō shinkansen
  3. a surname​.
  4. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
光
ひかる
Grade: 2
Irregular

Nominalization of the verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to glitter, to gleam”).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [çika̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Proper noun

光 (hiragana ひかる, rōmaji Hikaru)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
光
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/kwau/ → /kwɔː/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 光 (kwang, “light, brightness”). Compare modern Mandarin guāng and Hakka kông, Min Nan kong.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

光 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō, historical hiragana くわう)

  1. A male given name

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

光 • (gwang) (hangeul 광)

  1. light

Vietnamese

Han character

光 (quang, cuông, quàng, quăng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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