氣

See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual

Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han character

氣 (radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

References

  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese

trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alt. forms 𣱛 ‡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 氣
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
Nanning /hi³³/
Hong Kong /hei³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹/
/kʰui²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰi³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xi³⁵/
/xui³⁵/
Rime
Character 氣 氣
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 微 (20) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 去旣切 許旣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨiH/ /hɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰɨiH/ /hɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiəiH/ /xiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰɨjH/ /hɨjH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiəiH/ /xiəiH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭəiH/ /xĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰe̯iH/ /xe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qì xì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氣 氣
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qì xì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjɨjH › ‹ xjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qʰəp-s/ /*qʰət-s/
English cloudy vapors to present food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氣 氣
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10140 10143
Phonetic
component		 气 气
Rime
group		 隊 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰɯds/ /*qʰɯds/
Notes 後作餼

Definitions

氣

  1. air; gas
    天然氣 / 天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
  2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 啖 c)
    喘不過氣來 / 喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
  3. (Chinese philosophy) qi; vital energy; life force
  4. smell; odour
    氣味 / 气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
  5. weather
    天氣 / 天气  ―  tiānqì  ―  weather
  6. to get angry
    生氣 / 生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
  7. to make angry; to annoy
    別氣我！ / 别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
  8. to breathe
  9. quality; character; spirit; mettle
    有男人氣 / 有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  manly

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (氣):

Japanese

Shinjitai

 気

Kyūjitai

 氣

Kanji

氣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

Readings

Usage notes

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

Korean

Hanja

氣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

氣 (khí)

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