許

See also: 许

許	U+8A31, 許 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31

← 訰
[U+8A30]

CJK Unified Ideographs

訲 →
[U+8A32]

Translingual

Han character

許 (radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 0864₀, composition ⿰言午)

References

KangXi: page 1151, character 14

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298

Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3946, character 9

Unihan data for U+8A31

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	ŋaʔ, ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋaʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.		許
simp.		许

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xǔ (xu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ

(Chengdu, SP): xu³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): heoi²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hui²
Gan (Wiktionary): xy³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hí

(Meixian, Guangdong): hi³
Jin (Wiktionary): xy²
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̌
Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̄
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hú / hír / hí / khó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): he² / kou²
Wu (Wiktionary): xy (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): xy³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ
  - Wade–Giles: hsü³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheu
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xu³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: heoi²
  - Yale: héui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoey²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêu²
  - IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hui²
  - IPA ^(key): /hui⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xy³
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hí
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi³
  - IPA: /hi³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hi³
  - IPA: /çi³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xy²
  - IPA (old-style): /ɕy⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̌
  - IPA ^(key): /xy²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄
  - IPA ^(key): /hy³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
  - Tâi-lô: hú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
  - Tâi-lô: hír
  - IPA (Kinmen): /hɯ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
  - Tâi-lô: hí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hie
  - IPA (Philippines): /hi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qor
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

hú/hír/hí - literary;
khó͘ - vernacular (surname).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: he² / kou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ / khóu
  - IPA ^(key): /hɯ⁵²/, /kʰou⁵²/

Note:

he2 - literary;
kou2 - vernacular (surname).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xy (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xy³
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁴¹/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 許
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕy²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ɕy¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕy⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕy⁵³/
	Xining	/ɕy⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕy⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕy⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕi⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ɕy²¹²/
	Hefei	/sz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ɕy⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕy⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕy³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕy³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕy³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕy⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕy⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕy²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hi³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/høy³⁵/
	Nanning	/hy³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/høy³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hu⁵³/ /kʰɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hy³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xy²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hɯ⁵³/ /kʰou⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hu²¹³/ /xɔu²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /hɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	許
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	虚吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/xiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/xĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*hŋaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	許
Reading #	1/1
No.	13180
Phonetic component	午
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hŋaʔ/

Definitions

許

to allow; to permit
to promise
to betroth
A surname.

Compounds

不許／不许 (bùxǔ)
丹誠相許／丹诚相许
也許／也许 (yěxǔ)
些許／些许 (xiēxǔ)
以身相許／以身相许
以身許國／以身许国
何許／何许 (héxǔ)
何許人／何许人
倒許／倒许
允許／允许 (yǔnxǔ)
公許碼頭／公许码头
准許／准许 (zhǔnxǔ)
口許／口许
嘉許／嘉许
如許／如许
孤高自許／孤高自许
容許／容许 (róngxǔ)
寧許／宁许
封官許願／封官许愿
少許／少许 (shǎoxǔ)

幾許／几许
心許／心许
應許／应许 (yīngxǔ)
或許／或许 (huòxǔ)
推許／推许
期許／期许 (qīxǔ)
滿應滿許／满应满许
片許／片许
特許／特许 (tèxǔ)
特許行業／特许行业
特許費／特许费
目成心許／目成心许
稍許／稍许 (shāoxǔ)
稱許／称许
肯許／肯许
自我期許／自我期许
自許／自许
興許／兴许
許久／许久 (xǔjiǔ)
許事／许事

許可／许可 (xǔkě)
許可證／许可证 (xǔkězhèng)
許多／许多 (xǔduō)
許大／许大
許婚／许婚 (xǔhūn)
許嫁／许嫁 (xǔjià)
許字／许字
許宣／许宣
許愿／许愿
許由棄瓢／许由弃瓢
許由洗耳／许由洗耳
許許／许许
許許多多／许许多多
許諾／许诺 (xǔnuò)
許身／许身
許配／许配 (xǔpèi)
許願／许愿 (xǔyuàn)
讚許／赞许 (zànxǔ)
邪許／邪许
默許／默许 (mòxǔ)

Descendants

→ Tagalog: Co, Ko (via Hokkien)

Etymology 2

trad.		許
simp.		许

Pronunciation

Gan (Wiktionary): he³
Min Dong (BUC): hṳ̄ / hī
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hí / hír

(Teochew, Peng'im): he² / hu² / hi²

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: he³
  - IPA ^(key): /he²¹³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̄ / hī
  - IPA ^(key): /hy³³/, /hi³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí
  - Tâi-lô: hí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír
  - Tâi-lô: hír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: he² / hu² / hi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳ́ / hú / hí
  - IPA ^(key): /hɯ⁵²/, /hu⁵²/, /hi⁵²/

Note:

hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

Definitions

許

(Gan, Min, Wu) that

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 那 (“that”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		那
Mandarin	Beijing	那
	Taiwan	那
	Tianjin	那
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嗰
	Hong Kong	嗰
	Taishan	嚀、𡃕
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	該
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	該
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	該
	Dongshi (Dabu)	該
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	該
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	遐
Min Dong	Fuzhou	許
Min Nan	Xiamen	彼、許
	Quanzhou	彼、許
	Zhangzhou	彼、許
	Taipei	彼
	Kaohsiung	彼
	Penang	彼
	Chaozhou	許
	Shantou	許
Wu	Shanghai	埃、伊
Wu	Wenzhou	許

Japanese

Kanji

許

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Goon: こ (ko)
Kan’on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 許す, Jōyō); ばかり (bakari, 許り); もと (moto, 許)

Compounds

お手許 (てもと) (otemoto), 御手許 (おてもと) (otemoto)
不 (ふ)許 (きょ) (fukyo): not permitting

Korean

Hanja

許 • (heo, ho) (hangeul 허, 호, revised Hur, heo, ho, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, ho, Yale he, ho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

許 (hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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