後

See also: 后
後 U+5F8C, 後
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F8C
← 律
[U+5F8B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徍 →
[U+5F8D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

後 (radical 60, 彳+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹人女戈水 (HOVIE), four-corner 22247, composition ⿰彳⿱幺夊)

Derived characters

  • 䵈, 𠷴, 𢖕/𢖖

References

  • KangXi: page 366, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10098
  • Dae Jaweon: page 688, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 822, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5F8C

Chinese

trad. 後
simp. 后*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 後
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 彳 + 幺 + 夊.

Note that the simplified form 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs) is also a traditional character on its own, with a different meaning.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hiǒ/hiō/hō͘ - literary;
  • ǎu/āu - vernacular.
Rime
Character 後 後
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 侯 (137) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 胡口切 胡遘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəwX/ /ɦəwH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuX/ /ɣuH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣə̯uX/ /ɣə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hòu hòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 後 後
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hòu hòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ huwX › ‹ huwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ/ /*[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s/
English after put after ?

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 後 後
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 5178 5179
Phonetic
component		 後 後
Rime
group		 侯 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 厚 𠋫
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢoːʔ/ /*ɢoːs/
Notes 甲文象足受系而遲後（文源）

Definitions

後

  1. behind; rear; back
    Antonyms: 前 (qián)
  2. later; after; afterwards
    以後 / 以后  ―  yǐhòu  ―  after
    然後 / 然后  ―  ránhòu  ―  after, afterwards
  3. descendants; offsprings
    無後 / 无后  ―  wúhòu  ―  to lack male offspring
  4. anus
  5. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

後

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. behind, after

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
後
あと
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Originally an extension of 跡 (ato, “footprint; leftover”), itself a compound of 足 (a, “foot”) +‎ 所 (to, “place”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

後 (hiragana あと, rōmaji ato)

  1. (spatially) the back, the rear, behind
  2. (temporally) later, afterwards, some time after the present
  3. the rest

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
後
うしろ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Probably from Old Japanese [Term?]. Usage examples appear in texts from at least the 900s.[1] Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

後 (hiragana うしろ, rōmaji ushiro)

  1. the back, the rear (both spatially and temporally)
  2. one's backside

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
後
おくれ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 遅れる (okureru, “to be late; to be delayed; to come after something else”). Examples appear from at least the 1300s.[1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

後 (hiragana おくれ, rōmaji okure)

  1. something later, after, or behind
  2. inferiority
  3. uncertainty, nervousness, indecision

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
後
しり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 尻 (much more common)

Noun

後 (hiragana しり, rōmaji shiri)

  1. Alternative spelling of 尻: behind, tail, rump, butt, posterior

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
後
しりえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Compound of 尻 (shiri, “butt, tail, rear”) +‎ 方 (e, “side, facing, way, direction”).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

後 (hiragana しりえ, rōmaji shirie)

  1. the rear, back, or backside of something
  2. the rearward or backward direction
  3. the portion of a palace where a queen or other female imperial consort lives

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
後
のち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

Noun

後 (hiragana のち, rōmaji nochi)

  1. later, afterwards, some time after the present

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
後
ゆり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese [Term?]. Ultimate derivation unknown. May be cognate with より (yori, “from; after”).

Pronunciation

Noun

後 (hiragana ゆり, rōmaji yuri)

  1. (obsolete) later, afterwards, some time after the present

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
後
ご
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 後 (ɦəuX, ɦəuH)||after}}. Classified as the tōon or "Tang sound", so likely borrowed from the dialects spoken during the Tang dynasty.

Pronunciation

Noun

後 (hiragana ご, rōmaji go)

  1. later, afterwards, some time after the present

Suffix

後 (hiragana ご, rōmaji -go)

  1. after

Etymology 9

Kanji in this term
後
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 後 (ɦəuX, “after”). Classified as the kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin reading hòu.

Pronunciation

Prefix

後 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō-)

  1. prefixing element in kanji compounds, adding a meaning of later, after, following, rearward
Usage notes

Only used in compounds. Never used in isolation.

References

  1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

後 • (hu) (hangeul 후, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

後 (hậu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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