愾

See also: 忾

愾	U+613E, 愾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-613E

← 愽
[U+613D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

愿 →
[U+613F]

Translingual

Han character

愾 (radical 61 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心人弓木 (POND), four-corner 9801₇, composition ⿰忄氣)

anger, wrath, hatred, enmity

References

KangXi: page 397, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11029

Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2337, character 5

Unihan data for U+613E

Chinese

trad.		愾
simp.		忾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
愾	kʰɯːds, qʰɯds
忾	*qʰrɯl
刏	kɯl, ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽	*kʰɯds
氣	kʰɯds, qʰɯds
气	*kʰɯds
忥	*qʰɯds
餼	*qʰɯds
鎎	*qʰɯds
熂	*qʰɯds
霼	*qʰɯds
犔	*qʰɯds

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kài, xì (kai⁴, xi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˋ, ㄒㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koi³, hei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kài
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: k'ai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: koi³, hei³
  - Yale: koi, hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koi³, hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: koi³, héi³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³³/, /hei̯³³/

Middle Chinese: /hɨi^H/, /kʰʌi^H/▼

Rime
Character	愾	愾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	許旣切	苦蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨi^H/	/kʰʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨi^H/	/kʰəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəi^H/	/kʰɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨj^H/	/kʰəj^H/
Li Rong	/xiəi^H/	/kʰᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/xĭəi^H/	/kʰɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xe̯i^H/	/kʰɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì	kài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəp-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/, /*qʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰəp-s/
English	sigh; angry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愾	愾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10136	10145
Phonetic component	气	气
Rime group	隊	隊
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	磕
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːds/	/*qʰɯds/

Definitions

愾

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Compounds

同仇敵愾／同仇敌忾
同讎敵愾／同雠敌忾 (tóngchóu díkài)

愾憤／忾愤
憤愾／愤忾

敵愾／敌忾 (díkài)
敵愾同仇／敌忾同仇

References

(Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

Japanese

Kanji

愾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Goon: かい (kai); け (ke)

Kan’on: かい (kai); き (ki)

Kan’yōon: がい (gai)

Kun: ためいき (tameiki)

Korean

Hanja

愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)

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Vietnamese

Han character

愾 (khái)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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