新

新 U+65B0, 新
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B0
← 斯
[U+65AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斱 →
[U+65B1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • In mainland China, the bottom left component is written 朩, giving 新.
  • In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the bottom left component is written 𣎳, giving 新.
  • In Japan and Korea, the bottom left component is written 木, giving 新.

Han character

新 (radical 69, 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 02921, composition ⿰亲斤)

Derived characters

  • 𫣩, 噺, 𭢭, 澵, 𬎖, 𨭩, 𫚀, 𬷵, 𪧭, 薪, 𨑁, 𭏻, 㜪, 𪬴, 𭺦

References

  • KangXi: page 480, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2026, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+65B0

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 新

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 新
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new).

Also ideogrammic compound (會意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).

This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note: sêng1 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 新
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin²³/
Rime
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sin/
Li
Rong		 /siĕn/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tsʰi[n]/
English new

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
No. 13811
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 新
Old
Chinese		 /*siŋ/

Definitions

新

  1. new; fresh
    Antonyms: 舊／旧 (jiù)
    新電腦 / 新电脑  ―  xīn diànnǎo  ―  new computer
  2. newly; freshly; recently
    新建成的超市  ―  xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì  ―  newly built supermarket
  3. neo- (prefix)
    新納粹 / 新纳粹  ―  xīn nàcuì  ―  neo-Nazi
  4. (chemistry) meso-
  5. A surname​. Xin
  6. (～朝) Xin dynasty
  7. Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
  8. Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).
  9. Short for 新西蘭／新西兰 (Xīn Xīlán).
    澳新银行  ―  àoxīnyínxíng  ―  Australia and New Zealand Banking Corporation (ANZ Bank)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		 1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		 221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		 206 BCE – 220 CEWestern Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		 220 – 280 CEWei
魏
Shu
蜀
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		 265 – 420 CEWestern Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		 420 – 589 CENorthern dynasties
北朝		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		 581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		 618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		 907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		 907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		 960 – 1279 CENorthern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		 1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		 1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		 1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		 1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		 1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		 1636 – 1912 CE

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. new

Readings

Compounds

Prefix

Kanji in this term
新
しん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

新 (hiragana しん, rōmaji shin-)

  1. neo-
    Antonym: 旧 (kyū-)
    新 (しん)世 (せ)界 (かい)
    Shinsekai
    the New World
    新 (しん)約 (やく)聖 (せい)書 (しょ)
    Shin'yaku Seisho
    the New Testament
    • 2004 April 7, Ohba, Tsugumi; Obata, Takeshi, “ｐａｇｅ．１　退たい屈くつ [page.1 Boredom]”, in DEATH NOTEデスノート [DEATH NOTE], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 48–49:
      そして　僕 (ぼく)は新 (しん)世 (せ)界 (かい)の神 (かみ)となる
      Soshite boku wa shinsekai no kami to naru
      And then I will become the god of this new world
  2. attached to the title of a fiction work to mean “new storyline”, to distinguish it from older works
    新 (しん)鉄 (てっ)拳 (けん)チンミ
    Shin Tekken Chinmi
    New Ironfist Chinmi
  3. attached to the title of a fiction adaptation to mean “remake”, to distinguish it from older adaptations
    Lois　&　Clark　新 (しん)スーパーマン
    Lois & Clark Shin Sūpāman
    Lois & Clark: New Superman

Korean

Hanja

新 (eumhun 새 신 (sae sin))

  1. new

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

新 (tân, tâng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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