心

See also: 必
心 U+5FC3, 心
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3
← 忂
[U+5FC2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忄 →
[U+5FC4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
  • 㣺 (sometimes when used as a bottom Chinese radical, like 慕)

Han character

心 (radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000)

  1. Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

Usage notes

When written as a bottom radical, it is similar to 灬 but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke – this is an important composition detail.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/心

References

  • KangXi: page 375, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5FC3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 心

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 心
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (心) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沁 *sʰlɯms
吣 *sʰlɯms
心 *slɯm
杺 *slɯm
伈 *slɯmʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 心
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sim³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tim²³/
Rime
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sim/
Li
Rong		 /siəm/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*səm/
English heart

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
No. 13801
Phonetic
component		 心
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 心
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯm/

Definitions

心

  1. heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m)
  2. mind
  3. thought; idea
  4. intention
  5. center; core

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (心):
  • Japanese: 心 (しん) (shin)
  • Korean: 심 (心, sim)
  • Vietnamese: tâm (心)

Japanese

Kanji

心

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. heart
  2. spirit

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
心
こころ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə. Cognate with Okinawan 心 (kukuru).

Pronunciation

Noun

心 (hiragana こころ, rōmaji kokoro)

  1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
    心 (こころ)の底 (そこ)から
    kokoro no soko kara
    from the bottom of one's heart
    人 (ひと)の心 (こころ)を奪 (うば)う
    hito no kokoro o ubau
    to steal someone's heart; to captivate someone
    • 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitreシャピトル.134 唯ゆい一いつの存そん在ざい [Chapitre.134 The Only One]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE], volume 18 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:
      ‥‥それでも行 (い)きます　小狼 (シャオラン)君 (くん)の心 (こころ)を取 (と)り戻 (もど)す為 (ため)に
      ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
      ‥‥Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
  2. attention, mind, interest
  3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3466)[3] text here
      麻 (ま)可 (か)奈 (な)思 (し)美 (み)奴 (ぬ)礼 (れ)婆 (ば)許 (こ)登 (と)尓 (に)豆 (づ)佐 (さ)祢 (ね)奈 (な)敝 (へ)波 (ば)己 (こ)許 (こ)呂 (ろ)乃 (の)緒 (を)呂 (ろ)尓 (に)能 (の)里 (り)弖 (て)可 (か)奈 (な)思 (し)母 (も) [Man'yōgana]
      ま愛 (かな)しみ寝 (ぬ)れば言 (こと)に出 (づ)さ寝 (ね)なへば心 (こころ)の緒 (を)ろに乗 (の)りて愛 (かな)しも [Modern spelling]
      makanashimi nureba koto ni zu sanenaeba kokoro no oro ni norite kanashi mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
  5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
  6. meaning, essence; answer (as to a riddle)
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
心
うら
Grade: 2
Irregular

Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) うら​ [ùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
    • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Noun

心 (hiragana うら, rōmaji ura)

  1. inner feelings; heart

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
心
しん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/simu/ → /siɴ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).

Pronunciation

Noun

心 (hiragana しん, rōmaji shin)

  1. heart, mind, core; spirit, vitality; inner strength, marrow
  2. core (as of a fruit); wick; lead (as of a pencil); padding
Compounds

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ ,Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

心 (eumhun 마음 심 (ma-eum sim))

  1. heart, feeling, emotion

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

心 (tâm, tim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.