春秋

Chinese

 
spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
 
autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing
simp. and trad.
(春秋)		 春 秋

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 諄 (47) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 昌脣切 七由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ /t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕʰʷin/ /t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕʰjuen/ /t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cʰwin/ /t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ /t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ /t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chūn qiū
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chūn qiū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyhwin › ‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰun/ /*tsʰiw/
English springtime autumn; crop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 春 秋
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12573 10537
Phonetic
component		 屯 秋
Rime
group		 文 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 春 秋
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰjun/ /*sʰɯw/
Notes 說文從艸從日屯聲，實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

春秋

  1. (literally) spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) the four seasons
  3. (figuratively) a year's time; year
  4. (figuratively) person's age
  5. (figuratively) time (as a general concept)
  6. (figuratively) annal; chronicle of events by year

Derived terms

  • 富春秋
  • 春秋幾何／春秋几何
  • 春秋日高
  • 春秋榜
  • 春秋鼎盛
  • 楚漢春秋／楚汉春秋
  • 皮裡春秋／皮里春秋
  • 蟪蛄不知春秋

Proper noun

春秋

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals, the chronicle of the Chinese state of Lu
  2. the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • 春秋三傳／春秋三传
  • 春秋五霸
  • 春秋大一統／春秋大一统
  • 春秋大夢／春秋大梦
  • 春秋筆削／春秋笔削
  • 春秋筆法／春秋笔法

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		 1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周 		Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		 221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		 206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		 220 – 280 CE Wei
魏
Shu
蜀
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		 265 – 420 CE Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		 420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
北朝 		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝 		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		 581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		 618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		 907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		 907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		 960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		 1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		 1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		 1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		 1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		 1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		 1636 – 1912 CE

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
春 秋
しゅん
Grade: 2		 しゅう > じゅう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 春秋 (tsyhwin tshjuw, literally “spring and autumn”). The kan'on, so probably a shift in reading after initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

春秋 (hiragana しゅんじゅう, rōmaji shunjū)

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age

Proper noun

春秋 (hiragana しゅんじゅう, rōmaji Shunjū)

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals, the chronicles of the ancient State of Lu

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
春 秋
はる
Grade: 2		 あき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring”) +‎ 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

Noun

春秋 (hiragana はるあき, rōmaji haruaki)

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age
    • 1212, 鴨 長明 (Kamo no Chōmei), 方丈記 (Hōjōki, “The Ten Foot Square Hut”)
      四十あまりの春秋をおくれる間に
      よんじゅう あまり の はるあき を おくれる あいだ に
      yonjū amari no haruaki o okureru aida ni
      during the course of living some forty-odd years

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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