息

息 U+606F, 息
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606F
← 恮
[U+606E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恰 →
[U+6070]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

息 (radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 26330, composition ⿱自心)

References

  • KangXi: page 385, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
  • Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2291, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+606F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (息) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
息 *slɯɡ
熄 *slɯɡ
媳 *slɯɡ
鄎 *slɯɡ
瘜 *slɯɡ
蒠 *slɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breath (life) through one’s nose. Note that this uses the older meaning of 自, as “nose”, rather than “self”.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

simp. and trad.
 息
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • sek/siak - literary;
    • sit - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 息
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕi²¹/
/ɕi⁵³/
Jinan /ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /si⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /si²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕi²¹/
Xining /ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /siəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /siʔ²¹/
Tunxi /si⁵/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sit̚¹/
Taoyuan /sit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚⁵/
Nanning /ɬek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sik̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚³²/
/sit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tek̚⁵/ 利～
Rime
Character 息
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相即切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /siek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sik̚/
Li
Rong		 /siək̚/
Wang
Li		 /sĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 息 息
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xī xī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sik › ‹ sik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sək/ /*sək/
English breathe 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 息
Reading # 1/1
No. 13332
Phonetic
component		 息
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 息
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯɡ/
Notes 說文自亦聲

Definitions

息

  1. to breathe; to pant
  2. to sigh; to blow
  3. to stop; to subside; to cease
  4. to put a stop to; to stop
  5. to rest; to have a rest
  6. to grow; to develop
  7. to calm down; to appease
  8. breath; life
  9. one's own children
  10. interest; dividends
  11. message; news

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 息
alt. forms 塞 Cantonese; Hakka
蝨／虱 Hakka

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 息
Mandarin Beijing
Harbin
Tianjin
Jinan
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Kunming
Nanjing
Hefei
Jin Taiyuan
Pingyao
Hohhot
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Hui Shexian
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /set̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan)
Fuzhou (Min Dong)
Jian'ou (Min Bei)
Shantou (Min Nan)
Haikou (Min Nan) /tit̚⁵/ 曾孫

Definitions

息

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) great-grandchild
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 曾孫 (“great-grandson; great-grandchild”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 曾孫、曾孫子
Mandarin Beijing 曾孫兒
Taiwan 曾孫
Harbin 重孫子、重孫兒
Jinan 重孫、重孫子
Muping 重孫子
Luoyang 重孫子
Jiedian 重孫
Xi'an 重孫
Xining 重孫子
Xuzhou 重孫兒、重孫、曾孫兒、曾孫、四世孫兒、四世孫
Yinchuan 重孫子
Lanzhou 重孫、男重孫 †
Ürümqi 重孫子
Wuhan 重孫子、重孫
Chengdu 灰灰兒
Guiyang 重孫孫、重孫
Guilin 重孫子
Liuzhou 息子、息、重孫、息崽 †
Yangzhou 重孫子
Nanjing 重重、重孫 †
Nantong 重孫兒
Cantonese Guangzhou 息
Hong Kong 息
Shunde 嘞
Zhongshan 息
Dongguan 息
Hong Kong (Weitou) 息
Taishan 息
Doumen 息
Kaiping 息
Shaoguan 息
Yunfu 息仔
Xinyi 息
Lianjiang 息、息仔
Nanning 息、息仔
Wuzhou 息
Yulin 息
Hepu 曾孫
Kuala Lumpur 息
Gan Nanchang 曾孫子、曾孫
Lichuan 曾孫崽、曾孫
Pingxiang 曾孫
Hakka Meixian 息仔
Xingning 息哩
Huidong 息仔
Qujiang 息子
Xiaosanjiang 息仔
Luchuan 重孫
Changting 息嫲哩
Pingyu 息子
Wuping 息嫲子
Liancheng 息哩
Yudu 曾孫、息孫
Ruijin 曾孫
Shicheng 玄孫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 息仔、息嫲
Liudui (S. Sixian) 息仔、息嫲
Hsinchu (Hailu) 息仔、息嫲
Dongshi (Dabu) 息、息嫲
Zhuolan (Raoping) 息仔、息嫲
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 曾孫、玄孫
Hong Kong 息
Sabah 息仔
Senai 息
Singkawang 息孫
Huizhou Jixi 重孫
Jin Taiyuan 重孫子
Xinzhou 重孫
Min Bei Jian'ou 息仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 曾孫
Min Nan Xiamen 橄欖孫
Quanzhou 橄欖孫
Zhangzhou 橄欖孫
Taipei 橄欖孫
Kaohsiung 橄欖孫
Tainan 橄欖孫
Taichung 橄欖孫
Wuqi 橄欖孫
Hsinchu 橄欖孫
Taitung 橄欖孫
Lukang 橄欖孫
Yilan 橄欖孫
Magong 橄欖孫
Penang 橄欖孫
Philippines (Manila) 橄欖孫
Pingnan 息仔
Chaozhou 重孫
Johor Bahru 橄欖孫
Haikou 息、妰𡝃息 †
Leizhou 息
Pinghua Nanning 孫息、息仔、重孫仔
Guilin 重孫子
Wu Shanghai 曾孫
Suzhou 玄孫
Hangzhou 重孫
Wenzhou 玄孫
Chongming 玄孫
Danyang 重孫
Jinhua 玄孫
Ningbo 重孫
Xiang Changsha 曾孫子
Loudi 曾孫
Quanzhou 重孫、息崽
Note † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out”).
(This character, 息, is the second-round simplified form of 熄.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

息

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. breath
  2. live
  3. give birth
  4. nurture
  5. spread, multiply
  6. rest
  7. come to an end

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
息
いき
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

息 (hiragana いき, rōmaji iki)

  1. breath
    息 (いき)をする
    iki o suru
    breathe

See also

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

息 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

息

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 息 (iki).

Noun

息 (hiragana いーち, romaji īchi)

  1. breath

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

息 (tức)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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