r

Etymology 1

Modification of capital letter R by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

Etymology 2

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Capital and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of R:

Etymology 1

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

Etymology 2

From are, pronounced like the name of the letter r

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r lower case (upper case R)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: q
• Next letter: s

See also

• 'r

Etymology 1

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ.

Noun

 m

1. division, opening
2. mouth
   • Stela of Hekaib, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78:

     jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f

     I was an excellent individual; one who spoke with his own mouth.

3. entrance
4. utterance, statement
5. part, piece
6. used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
   • 12th Dynasty, Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:

     r(ꜣ) ḫmtw-št sjsjw

     ¹⁄₃₆₀

Inflection

Declension of r (masculine consonant-stem)

singular	r
dual	rwj
plural	rw

Derived terms

Terms derived from r

jmj-r wpt r nḏ r r-jb rwj

rw nw prt m hrw r-pr r n kmt ḫmt-rw

Descendants

• Demotic: rꜣ
  • Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic), ⲗⲁ (la) (Fayyumic)

Etymology 2

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל‎ (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى‎ (ʾilā, “to, until, near”).^[2]

Preposition

1. regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
2. in order to, for (the purpose of)
3. (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
4. against
5. from, apart from (ablative)
6. (with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
7. (in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
8. (of time) at, in, on
9. (after an adjective, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
10. (generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
11. (with a verb in the terminative as object) until

Inflection

Adverbial forms of r  

jrj	jr

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of r  

jr
at the beginning of a sentence, and occasionally before pronouns

Derived terms

Terms derived from r

jrj jrj ꜣ r gs m ꜣt r ꜣt r ꜣw r-jmjtw r-pw r mj r ntt r sꜣ

r-šꜣꜥ r gs rḏj mꜣꜥ r r ḏbꜣ r ḏr r ḏd ḥrw r spr r dmj šꜣꜥ-r

Particle

 enclitic

1. (with attached suffix pronoun) so, regarding (that, you, me, etc.), as for (that, you, me, etc.)

Usage notes

This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of r  

jr

References

• Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, revised 3rd edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 429
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹ/

Letter

r (upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾ/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɾe/

Letter

r (upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

r m, f (invariable)

1. See under R

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾ]

Letter

R

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanization

r (Zhuyin ˙ㄖ)

1. Pinyin transcription of 兒, 儿

References

• Wenlin Pinyin dictionary
• erhua on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ærː/, /æɾː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/

Letter

r

1. The eighteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• Audio (BR)

  (file)

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re/, /er/

Letter

r (lowercase, capital R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script. Representing the phoneme /r/. Preceded by p and followed by s.

Alternative forms

• (uppercase) R

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (Cyrillic spelling р)

1. The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by p and followed by s.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/, /r/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈere/

  • Audio (Spain)

    (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɾe/

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

Letter

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Letter

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.