爪

See also: 爫, 瓜, 手, and 寸

爪	U+722A, 爪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-722A

← 爩
[U+7229]

CJK Unified Ideographs

爫 →
[U+722B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

爫 – when used as a top radical

Han character

爪 (radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 7223₀)

Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.

Derived forms

Index:Chinese radical/爪

References

KangXi: page 688, character 26

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653

Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2030, character 1

Unihan data for U+722A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		爪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (爪) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
抓	ʔsruː, ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
爪	*ʔsruːʔ
笊	ʔsruːʔ, ʔsruːs
找	*ʔsruːʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhuǎ, zhǎo (zhua³, zhao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄚˇ, ㄓㄠˇ

(Chengdu, SP): zao³
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cháu
Min Nan (POJ): cháu / chiáu / liáu / niáu / jiáu
Wu (Wiktionary): tsau (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhuǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chua³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯a̠²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhuǎr
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
  - Wade–Giles: chuarh³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑɻ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chao³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Note:

zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zao³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaau²
  - Yale: jáau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zao²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑːu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cháu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zau`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zau³
  - IPA: /t͡sa̯u³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
  - Tâi-lô: tsáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡saʊ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡saʊ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaʊ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu
  - Tâi-lô: liáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
  - Tâi-lô: niáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niao
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niãʊ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu
  - Tâi-lô: jiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiao
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiaʊ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiaʊ⁴¹/

Note:

cháu - literary;
chiáu/liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsau (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠau^X/▼

Rime
Character	爪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側絞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠau^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚau^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃau^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨw^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃau^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃau^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂau^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎo

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsræw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/
English	claw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爪
Reading #	1/1
No.	17658
Phonetic component	爪
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爪
Old Chinese	/*ʔsruːʔ/

Definitions

爪

claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
to grab with claws
claw-like object; foot (of an item)
(derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
A surname.

Usage notes

爪 ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swines (only when swine hoof as a food)
蹄 (tí) ― hooves

Compounds

一鱗一爪／一鳞一爪
一鱗半爪／一鳞半爪
八爪魚／八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
冰爪
展爪
張牙舞爪／张牙舞爪
心膂爪牙
手爪
探爪兒／探爪儿
握拳透爪
東鱗西爪／东鳞西爪
熱爪哇／热爪哇
爪兒／爪儿
爪印
爪哇 (zhǎowā)
爪哇人 (zhǎowārén)
爪哇國／爪哇国
爪哇島／爪哇岛
爪哇族
爪士
爪子 (zhǎozi)
爪尋／爪寻
爪尖兒／爪尖儿

爪枯
爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
爪牙之士
爪牙之將／爪牙之将
爪牙吏
爪牙官
爪甲
爪甲點金／爪甲点金
爪痕
爪老
爪袖
爪角
爪蹄類／爪蹄类
片鱗半爪／片鳞半爪
牙爪
犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
狗爪子
祿山之爪／禄山之爪
繫爪／系爪
能牙利爪
舞爪張牙／舞爪张牙
虎爪拳

虎爪豆
通眉長爪／通眉长爪
鉤爪／钩爪
鉤爪鋸牙／钩爪锯牙
鋸牙鉤爪／锯牙钩爪
雞爪／鸡爪 (jīzhuǎ)
雞爪釘／鸡爪钉
雪泥鴻爪／雪泥鸿爪
飛鴻雪爪／飞鸿雪爪
魔爪 (mózhǎo)
鱉爪／鳖爪
鱗爪／鳞爪
鳥爪／鸟爪
鳳爪／凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
鴻爪／鸿爪
鵰心雁爪／雕心雁爪
鷹爪／鹰爪
鷹爪功／鹰爪功
鷹爪毛兒／鹰爪毛儿
龍爪／龙爪
龍爪書／龙爪书
龍爪槐／龙爪槐

Japanese

Kanji

爪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

nail, claw

Readings

On (unclassified): そう (sō)
Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪, Jōyō); つま (tsuma, 爪, Jōyō, uncommon)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
爪
つめ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つめ [tsùmé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝme̞]

Noun

爪 (hiragana つめ, rōmaji tsume)

nail; claw

Derived terms

Terms derived from 爪

鷹 (たか)の爪 (つめ) (taka no tsume)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
爪
つま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Affix

爪 (hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

(only in compounds) nail; claw

Derived terms

Terms derived from 爪

爪先 (つまさき) (tsumasaki)

Related terms

Terms derived from 爪

摘 (つ)まむ (tsumamu), 摘 (つ)む (tsumu)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Khitan

Numeral

爪 (jau)

hundred (100)

Korean

Hanja

爪 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

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Vietnamese

Han character

爪 (trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu)

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN