佗

佗	U+4F57, 佗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F57

← 佖
[U+4F56]

CJK Unified Ideographs

佘 →
[U+4F58]

Translingual

Han character

佗 (radical 9 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十心 (OJP), four-corner 2321₁, composition ⿰亻它)

References

KangXi: page 98, character 17

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 513

Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 7

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 139, character 3

Unihan data for U+4F57

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 佗

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Chu Slip and silk script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s05735

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L32376	L32377	L32378	L32379	L32380	L32381	L08474	L08475
L08476

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
佗	l̥ʰaːl, l'aːl
拕	l̥ʰaːl, l'aːlʔ
它	*l̥ʰaːl
蛇	l̥ʰaːl, ɦljaːl, *lal
袉	l̥ʰaːlʔ, l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ
鴕	*l'aːl
駝	*l'aːl
紽	*l'aːl
鮀	*l'aːl
陀	*l'aːl
沱	l'aːl, l'aːlʔ
跎	*l'aːl
詑	l'aːl, l'aːlʔ, hlel, lal, *l̥ʰoːl
酡	*l'aːl
迱	*l'aːl
舵	*l'aːlʔ
柁	*l'aːlʔ
鉈	ɦljaːl, hljal

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		佗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuó (tuo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): to⁴
Min Nan (POJ): tô

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tuó
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: t'uo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: two
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: to⁴
  - Yale: tòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: to⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: to⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɔː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
  - Tâi-lô: tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /to²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /to²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /to²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: /dɑ/▼

Rime
Character	佗
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒河切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/da/
Li Rong	/dɑ/
Wang Li	/dɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuó

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*l'aːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佗
Reading #	2/2
No.	12224
Phonetic component	它
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	駝
Old Chinese	/*l'aːl/

Definitions

佗

Alternative form of 馱／驮 (tuó, “to carry on one's back”).

Compounds

佗佗

磨佗子

華佗再世／华佗再世

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		佗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuō, tā (tuo¹, ta¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ, ㄊㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): to¹, taa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
  - Wade–Giles: t'uo¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tā
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: t'a¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰa̠⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: to¹, taa¹
  - Yale: tō, tā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: to¹, taa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: to¹, ta¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɔː⁵⁵/, /tʰɑː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑ/▼

Rime
Character	佗
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	託何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰa/
Li Rong	/tʰɑ/
Wang Li	/tʰɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuō

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	佗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuō
Middle Chinese	‹ tha ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˤaj/
English	other
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佗
Reading #	1/2
No.	12208
Phonetic component	它
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	佗
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːl/

Definitions

佗

Alternative form of 他 (tā).
A surname.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		佗
alt. forms		倒叨叼搭

Pronunciation 1

Min Nan (POJ): tó / tah / tá

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó
  - Tâi-lô: tó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doir
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /to⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tah
  - Tâi-lô: tah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daq
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /taʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tá
  - Tâi-lô: tá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dar
  - IPA (Taipei): /ta⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ta⁴¹/

Definitions

佗

(Hokkien) which
- 來問自己，還欠佗一項 [Taiwanese, trad.]
  来问自己，还欠佗一项 [Taiwanese, simp.]
  From: 2016, 黃妃 (Huang Fei) (lyricist 謝誌豪), 囍
  lâi mn̄g ka-tī, iáu khiàm tó chi̍t hāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  I ask myself, which am I still missing?

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 哪 (“which”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		哪
Mandarin	Beijing	哪
Mandarin	Taiwan	哪
Cantonese	Guangzhou	邊
	Hong Kong	邊
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	選
	Taishan	哪
	Yangjiang	邊
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	哪
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	哪
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	哪
	Dongshi (Dabu)	哪
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	哪
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	哪
	Hong Kong	哪
Min Nan	Xiamen	佗
	Quanzhou	佗
	Zhangzhou	佗
	Taipei	佗
	Kaohsiung	佗
	Chaozhou	底

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): tó / tah / toh / tio̍h

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó
  - Tâi-lô: tó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doir
  - IPA (Xiamen): /to⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tah
  - Tâi-lô: tah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daq
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toh
  - Tâi-lô: toh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doiq
  - IPA (Taipei): /toʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioih
  - IPA (Kinmen): /tioʔ⁵⁴/

Definitions

佗

(Hokkien) where
- 參着咖啡過喉燒，不知你到底置佗 [Taiwanese, trad.]
  参着咖啡过喉烧，不知你到底置佗 [Taiwanese, simp.]
  From: 2011, 蕭煌奇 (Ricky Hsiao), 你置佗
  chham tio̍h ka-pi kòe âu sio, m̄ chai lí tàu-té tī toh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
- 夢對佗飛，未來佗位找 [Taiwanese, trad.]
  梦对佗飞，未来佗位找 [Taiwanese, simp.]
  From: 2016, 黃妃 (Huang Fei) (lyricist 方文良 [Neil Fang]), 雙生花
  bāng tùi toh poe, bī-lâi tó-ūi chhōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 哪裡 (“where”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		何處、何許、何方
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		哪裡
Mandarin	Beijing	哪兒、哪兒合兒 colloquial、哪合兒 colloquial
	Taiwan	哪裡、哪
	Tianjin	哪兒、哪兒合兒 colloquial、哪合兒 colloquial
	Harbin	哪兒、哪疙兒、哪疙瘩、哪海兒、哪塊兒、哪場兒
	Shenyang	哪兒、哪塊兒
	Hailar	哪兒
	Ulan Hot	哪兒
	Tongliao	哪兒
	Chifeng	哪兒
	Bayanhot	哪兒
	Jinan	哪、哪裡
	Muping	哪兒、哪裡、哪場兒
	Luoyang	哪兒
	Jiedian	哪達、哪那
	Xi'an	哪搭兒、哪搭
	Zhengzhou	哪兒
	Xining	哪裡
	Xuzhou	哪來、哪下、哪點兒
	Yinchuan	哪點、哪裡
	Lanzhou	哪達、哪達裡、哪達兒
	Ürümqi	哪達
	Wuhan	哪裡、啥裡、哪歇、哪塊、哪塊歇、啥塊、啥塊些
	Chengdu	哪兒、啥子地方、哪跟前、哪點兒
	Guiyang	哪點
	Guilin	哪塏
	Liuzhou	哪裡、哪、哪塏、哪位子、哪塊、哪甿
	Kunming	哪點兒
	Yangzhou	哪塊、哪
	Nanjing	哪塊、哪裡、哪兒
	Hefei	哪格子、哪蒿子、哪塊子、哪塊
	Nantong	哪對過、哪腳下
Cantonese	Guangzhou	邊度、邊處、邊
	Hong Kong	邊度、邊處、邊
	Shunde	邊度
	Foshan	邊度
	Zhongshan	邊呢
	Dongguan	邊處、鼠處
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	選頭
	Taishan	哪
	Doumen	邊
	Kaiping	哪
	Shaoguan	邊度
	Yunfu	邊埞
	Yangjiang	邊、邊處、邊處塗
	Xinyi	庶
	Nanning	邊笪埞、邊笪、邊啲
	Wuzhou	邊啲、邊笪、邊笪埞方
	Kuala Lumpur	邊度
Gan	Nanchang	哪裡
	Lichuan	哪咑
	Pingxiang	哪裡
Hakka	Meixian	哪仔、哪滴
	Xingning	哪裡
	Huidong	哪等
	Qujiang	哪子
	Xiaosanjiang	哪望
	Changting	哪塊、哪裡、哪角
	Pingyu	哪子
	Liancheng	哪角、哪滴
	Ninghua	台角
	Ruijin	哪、哪營子
	Shicheng	哪裡
	Shangyou	哪當
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	哪位
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	哪、哪仔、哪跡仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	哪位
	Dongshi (Dabu)	哪位
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	哪位
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	哪位
	Hong Kong	哪裡、哪埞
	Sabah	哪向
	Senai	哪位
	Singkawang	阿位
Huizhou	Shexian	哪個落地
	Tunxi	哪裡
	Jixi	哪塊、哪個許塊
Jin	Taiyuan	哪裡、哪兒家
	Xinzhou	哪兒
	Baochang	哪兒
	Jining	哪兒
	Hohhot	哪兒
	Baotou	哪兒
	Dongsheng	哪兒
	Linhe	哪兒
	Haibowan	哪兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	呢底
	Dikou	呢底
	Songxi	呢底
	Zhenghe	呢搭底
	Zhenqian	哪底、哪
	Jianyang	哪角底、哪角
	Wuyishan	哪地
	Shibei	呢底
Min Dong	Fuzhou	底所、底塊 dated or rural
	Changle	底所
	Fuqing	佗落、途位
	Pingtan	佗落
	Yongtai	底所
	Gutian	底塊
	Fu'an	底塊
	Ningde	底塊
	Shouning	底位穴、底位
	Zhouning	底塊
	Matsu	底所
Min Nan	Xiamen	佗落、佗、佗一位、佗位、佗一帶、佗帶
	Quanzhou	佗落、佗、佗一位、底帶
	Zhangzhou	佗落、佗落仔、佗、佗一位
	Taipei	佗位
	Kaohsiung	佗位
	Tainan	佗位
	Taichung	佗位
	Hsinchu	佗位
	Lukang	佗落
	Sanxia	佗位
	Yilan	佗位、佗位仔
	Kinmen	佗
	Magong	佗位
	Penang	佗落
	Singapore	佗落
	Philippines (Manila)	佗落
	Pingnan	哪裡
	Chaozhou	底塊
	Shantou	底塊
	Haifeng	底帶
	Johor Bahru	底一塊
	Wenchang	帶
	Haikou	乜帶、底帶、底幅帶、乜地方、底裡
	Leizhou	底處
Puxian Min	Putian	佗落
Puxian Min	Xianyou	底跡、底落
Pinghua	Nanning	哪啲、哪甿
Pinghua	Guilin	哪裡
Wu	Shanghai	阿裡、阿裡搭、阿裡頭、啥地方、啥個地方、啥場化 dated、啥個場化 dated
	Suzhou	啥場化
	Wuxi	羅裡搭葛、羅搭
	Hangzhou	哪裡
	Wenzhou	狃宕、狃柢、狃、若宕、若柢
	Chongming	哪墩
	Danyang	哪裡
	Jinhua	哪裡、哪汏
	Ningbo	阿裡
Xiang	Changsha	哪裡、何至、啥塊子
	Shuangfeng	哪裡
	Xiangtan	哪當
	Loudi	哪裡
	Quanzhou	哪裡

Compounds

佗位

佗落

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		佗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: t'uo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

佗

^† to add; to impute
- 舍彼有罪，予之佗矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shě bǐ yǒu zuì, yú zhī tuò yǐ. [Pinyin]
  He lets alone the guilty,
  And imputes guilt to me.

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		佗
alt. forms		迤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yí (yi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yí
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
  - Wade–Giles: i²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
  - IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/

Definitions

佗

Only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí).

Japanese

Kanji

佗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): た (ta)
Kun: ほか (hoka, 佗); わびる (wabiru, 佗びる)

Korean

Hanja

佗 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

佗 (đà)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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