彼

彼	U+5F7C, 彼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F7C

← 彻
[U+5F7B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

彽 →
[U+5F7D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese stroke order

Han character

彼 (radical 60, 彳+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹人木竹水 (HODHE), four-corner 2424₇, composition ⿰彳皮)

References

KangXi: page 365, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10066

Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 817, character 10

Unihan data for U+5F7C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
陂	pral, prals
詖	pral, prals
彼	*pralʔ
柀	*pralʔ
佊	pralʔ, prals
貱	*prals
跛	prals, paːlʔ
披	pʰral, pʰralʔ
鈹	*pʰral
帔	pʰral, pʰrals
鮍	*pʰral
耚	*pʰral
狓	*pʰral
翍	*pʰral
旇	pʰral, brals
秛	pʰral, pʰrals
紴	pʰralʔ, paːl
皮	*bral
疲	*bral
被	bralʔ, brals
髲	*brals
鞁	*brals
骳	*mbralʔ
波	*paːl
碆	paːl, baːl
菠	*paːl
簸	paːlʔ, paːls
駊	paːlʔ, pʰaːlʔ
頗	pʰaːl, pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡	*pʰaːl
玻	*pʰaːl
破	*pʰaːls
婆	*baːl
蔢	*baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pralʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		彼

Related to 夫 (OC *pa, *ba, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǐ (bi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí
Min Dong (BUC): bī
Min Nan (POJ): pí
Wu (Wiktionary): pi (T2); pe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
  - Wade–Giles: pih³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
  - IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei²
  - Yale: béi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi²
  - IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi³
  - IPA: /pi³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bī
  - IPA ^(key): /pi³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí
  - Tâi-lô: pí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: pi (T2); pe (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /pi³⁴/, /pe̞³⁴/

Note:

2pi - vernacular;
2pe - literary.

Middle Chinese: /pˠiᴇ^X/▼

Rime
Character	彼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	甫委切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/pje^X/
Wang Li	/pǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǐ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pje^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pajʔ/
English	that
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彼
Reading #	1/1
No.	9690
Phonetic component	皮
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	彼
Old Chinese	/*pralʔ/

Definitions

彼

that; those
other

Compounds

不分彼此 (bùfēnbǐcǐ)
何彼襛矣
厚彼薄此
厚此薄彼
彼倡此和
彼唱此和
彼岸 (bǐ'àn)
彼得大帝
彼此 (bǐcǐ)

彼眾我寡／彼众我寡 (bǐzhòngwǒguǎ)
彼竭我盈
彼蒼／彼苍
彼長我消／彼长我消
挹彼注此
挹彼注茲／挹彼注兹 (yìbǐzhùzī)
此仆彼起
此唱彼和
此問彼難／此问彼难

此發彼應／此发彼应
此起彼伏
此起彼落 (cǐqǐbǐluò)
瞻彼洛矣
知己知彼
知彼知己
聖彼得堡／圣彼得堡 (Shèng Bǐdébǎo)
誓彼襟靈／誓彼襟灵
顧此失彼／顾此失彼

Etymology 2

Related to 許／许 (hí, hír, “that”); see there for more.

Pronunciation 2 is a fusion word of 許／许 (hí, hír, “that”) + 一 (it, “one”); compare Mandarin 那 (nèi), from 那 (nà, “that”) + 一 (yī, “one”) (Mei and Yang, 1995).

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		彼
alt. forms		許／许赫

Min Nan (POJ): hé / he

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hé
  - Tâi-lô: hé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hea
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /he⁵³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he
  - Tâi-lô: he
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /he⁴⁴/

Definitions

彼

(Zhangzhou, Taiwanese Min Nan) that (demonstrative pronoun)
這是阮老母，彼是阮老爸。 [Taiwanese, trad.]
这是阮老母，彼是阮老爸。 [Taiwanese, simp.]
Che sī goán lāu-bó, he sī goán lāu-pē. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
This is my mother, and that is my father.

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		彼
alt. forms		許／许迄

Min Nan (POJ): hit

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hit
  - Tâi-lô: hit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hid
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hit̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hit̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hit̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hit̚³²/

Definitions

彼

(Min Nan) that (demonstrative determiner)
彼本冊 / 彼本册 [Taiwanese] ― hit pún chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― that book

Japanese

Kanji

彼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kan’on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kun: あ (a, 彼); あの (ano, 彼の); あれ (are, 彼); あれ (are, 彼れ); か (ka, 彼); かれ (kare, 彼, Jōyō); かの (kano, 彼, Jōyō, uncommon)
Nanori: その (sono)

Compounds

彼処 (あそこ) (asoko, “that place over there, that organization over there”)
彼方 (あちら,かなた) (achira, kanata, “that way, that over there; far away”)
彼女 (かのじょ) (kanojo, “she, girlfriend”)
彼 (ひ)我 (が) (higa, “friend and fore”)
彼 (ひ)岸 (がん) (higan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
彼
か Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Pronoun

彼 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka)

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon

Derived terms

彼 (かの) (kano), 彼 (か)の (kano, “his; that”)
彼 (かれ) (kare, “he”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
彼
かれ Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) +‎ れ (re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かれ [káꜜrè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾe̞]

Pronoun

彼 (hiragana かれ, rōmaji kare)

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4045)
  於伎敝欲里美知久流之保能伊也麻之尓安我毛布支見我弥不根可母加礼
third person pronoun: he, she
1. particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he
2. by extension from he: boyfriend

Synonyms

(boyfriend): 彼氏 (かれし) (kareshi)

Derived terms

彼氏 (かれし) (kareshi, “boyfriend”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
彼
か(の) Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle).^[2]^[1]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) かの [káꜜnò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ka̠no̞]

Alternative forms

彼の (much more common)

Pronoun

彼 (hiragana かの, rōmaji kano)

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
third person pronoun: he, she, it

Usage notes

The term kano has been mostly replaced by あの (ano) in modern Japanese. Kano is still in use, but is viewed as more formal and archaic.^[2]

Derived terms

彼女 (かのじょ) (kanojo, “she; girlfriend”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
彼
あ Grade: S
kun’yomi

/ka/ → /a/

Shift in pronunciation from ka above. Appears from the Heian period.^[2]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [a̠]

Pronoun

彼 (hiragana あ, rōmaji a)

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon

Derived terms

彼 (あ)の (ano, “that [one] (as a modifier)”)
彼 (あれ) (are, “that [one] (as a noun)”)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
彼
あれ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 彼 (a, “that, yon”) +‎ れ (re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives).

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) あれ [àré] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [a̠ɾe̞]

Pronoun

彼 (hiragana あれ, rōmaji are)

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
third person pronoun: he, she, it
second person pronoun: you
a euphemism for sex: it

Usage notes

More often spelled in hiragana, as あれ.

References

1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

彼 • (pi)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 피
- Name (hangeul): 저, 그, 저쪽

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

彼 (bỉ, bể, bở)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[DJR-1] 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

彼

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Pronoun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Usage notes

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character