間

See also: 间, 閒, and 閑
間 U+9593, 間
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9593
← 閒
[U+9592] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閔 →
[U+9594]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

間 (radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition ⿵門日)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1333, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4288, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9593

Chinese

trad. 間
simp. 间
alt. forms 閒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 間
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
間 *kreːn, *kreːns
簡 *kreːnʔ
澗 *kreːns, *kraːns
鐧 *kreːns, *kraːns
蕑 *kreːn
覵 *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉 *kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩 *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜 *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇 *ɡreːn
瞯 *ɡreːn
憪 *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌 *ɡraːnʔ
撊 *ɡraːnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 門 (“door”) + 日 (“sun”). Originally 閒, moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space.

Etymology

The two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1.

Related to:

  • 隙 (OC *kʰraɡ, “crack; chink”), 澗 (OC *kreːns, *kraːns, “ravine; brook (between mountains)”) (Wang, 1982);
  • 閒 (OC *ɡreːn, “lazy; leisure”) (Karlgren, 1957; Baxter, 1992).

Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (“space between; interval”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “in-between; interval; interim”), အကြား (a.kra:, “gap; break”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
    • kan - literary.
Note:
  • goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
  • gang1 - literary.
Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.
Rime
Character 間
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古閑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəɨn/
Li
Rong		 /kɛn/
Wang
Li		 /kæn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 間
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kɛn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤre[n]/
English interval

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 間
Reading # 1/2
No. 6226
Phonetic
component		 閒
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 閒
Old
Chinese		 /*kreːn/
Notes 原作閒同說文

Definitions

間

  1. within a definite time period or place
  2. among; between
  3. a moment; a little while; instant
  4. room; chamber
    • 房間 / 房间  ―  fángjiān  ―  room
    • 衛生間 / 卫生间  ―  wèishēngjiān  ―  bathroom, toilet
    • 衣帽間 / 衣帽间  ―  yīmàojiān  ―  cloakroom
    • 雙人間 / 双人间  ―  shuāngrénjiān  ―  double room
  5. section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
  6. Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
  7. (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
  8. A surname​.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 間
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古莧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠɛnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚænH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /kɛnH/
Wang
Li		 /kænH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kănH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 間
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kɛn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤre[n]/
English 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 間
Reading # 2/2
No. 6228
Phonetic
component		 閒
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 襇
Old
Chinese		 /*kreːns/
Notes 閒後起字體

Definitions

間

  1. opening; gap; break
  2. estrangement; alienation; hostility
  3. spy; secret agent
  4. to keep away from; to keep apart
  5. to separate; to partition
  6. to alternate; to do something alternately
  7. to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
  8. to sow discord
  9. to blame; to reproach
  10. intermittently; sometimes
  11. in secret; clandestinely

Compounds

Japanese

Ryakuji for 間, based on ryakuji for 門; compare also 開.

Kanji

間

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

References

  • New Nelson: 6391
  • Halpern: 3323
  • Halpern Learners: 2094
  • Heisig: 1620
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 8e4.3
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
間
あいだ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

間 (hiragana あいだ, rōmaji aida, historical hiragana あひだ)

  1. a space
  2. a while; an interval
  3. between
  4. during
Derived terms
  • この間 (あいだ) (kono aida)
  • 間中 (あいだじゅう) (aidajū)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
間
ま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

間 (hiragana ま, rōmaji ma)

  1. space; room
Derived terms
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
間
あい
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

間 (hiragana あい, rōmaji ai, historical hiragana あひ)

  1. interval

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
間
かん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 間 (kɛn, “interval”).

Pronunciation

Noun

間 (hiragana かん, rōmaji kan)

  1. interval

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 4 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

間 • (gan)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 간 (revised: gan, McCune–Reischauer: kan, Yale: kan)
    • Name (hangeul): 사이 (revised: sai, McCune–Reischauer: sai)
  1. A second, a moment.
  1. A period of time, when suffixed to a word for time, e.g., 한 시간 (one hour of time), 세 주간 (a period of three weeks).

Vietnamese

Han character

間 (gian, dán, gián)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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