山

山 U+5C71, 山
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C71
← 屰
[U+5C70] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屲 →
[U+5C72]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

山 (radical 46, 山+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 山 (U), four-corner 22770)

  1. Kangxi radical #46, ⼭.

References

  • KangXi: page 307, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7869
  • Dae Jaweon: page 604, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 759, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5C71

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 山

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 山
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (山) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
山 *sreːn
疝 *sreːn, *sraːns
邖 *sreːn
汕 *sreːnʔ, *sraːns
訕 *sraːn, *sraːns
仙 *sen
秈 *sen
苮 *sen
屾 *srin

Pictogram (象形) – three mountain peaks. In the Oracle Bone Script, they were represented by triangles rather than vertical strokes. Compare 丘 (qiū), particularly earlier forms.

Etymology

Unknown – no known cognates outside Sino-Bai. Cognate with Central Bai svrt (“mountain”) (< Proto-Bai *sro⁴). Starostin compares it with Kayan sʰôn (“mountain”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • san - literary;
  • soaⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 山
Mandarin Beijing /ʂan⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /san²¹/
Jinan /ʂã²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂan²⁴/
Xi'an /sã²¹/
Xining /sã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /san⁴⁴/
Wuhan /san⁵⁵/
Chengdu /san⁵⁵/
Guiyang /san⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʂæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /sɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /sa³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /sɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /san³³/
Xiangtan /san³³/
Gan Nanchang /san⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /san⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /san⁵³/
Nanning /san⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /san⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /san⁵⁵/
/suã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /saŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /suiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /suã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /saŋ²³/
/tua²³/
Rime
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所閒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂəɨn/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɛn/
Wang
Li		 /ʃæn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srɛn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ŋrar/
English mountain, hill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
No. 11052
Phonetic
component		 山
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 山
Old
Chinese		 /*sreːn/

Definitions

山

  1. mountain; hill (Classifier: 座 m c)
    登山  ―  dēngshān  ―  to climb a mountain
  2. hill-shaped object
    冰山  ―  bīngshān  ―  iceberg
  3. bundled straw in which silkworms spin cocoons
  4. gable
  5. A surname​. Shan

See also

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
山
やま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

山 (hiragana やま, rōmaji yama)

  1. a mountain (large mass of earth and rock)

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

山 (eumhun 메 산 (me san))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

山 (san, sơn)

  1. mountain
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