閒

See also: 闲, 閑, and 間
閒 U+9592, 閒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592
← 閑
[U+9591] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 間 →
[U+9593]

Translingual

Han character

閒 (radical 169 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)

References

  • KangXi: page 1332, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4289, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9592

Chinese

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).

Etymology 1

trad. 閒/閑*
simp. 闲*

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).

Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).

Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • èng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
  • hân - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 閒
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /xã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /xiɛn²¹³/ 休～
/xan²¹³/ 不得～
Chengdu /ɕian³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
/ɦie²³/
/ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /han¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /han²¹/
Nanning /hɛn²¹/
Hong Kong /han²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ham³⁵/
/hiŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /õi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³¹/
/ai³¹/
Rime
Character 閒
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸閒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɛn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣæn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xián
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xián
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-kˤre[n]/
English idle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component		 閑
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 閑
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閒

  1. not busy; idle
  2. vacant; unoccupied; unused
  3. leisurely and carefree
  4. trivial; unimportant
  5. unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
  6. relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
  7. leisure; spare time; free time
  8. (gambling) player (instead of banker)
  9. A surname​.

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”).
(This character, 閒, is a variant form of 間.)

Korean

Hanja

閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)

  1. leisure, idle
  2. peaceful, tranquil, calm

Vietnamese

Han character

閒 (gian, nhàn, gián)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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